Key Relationships Between The Functions †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is the Key Relationships between the Functions? Answer: Introduction The report is based on a situation, and the situation is that there is a buried gas pipeline in the organization. It is at risk to external corrosion as well as third party damage. External corrosion of pipe wall of the pipeline is prevented by two systems. Firstly, the pipeline is being coated with protective layer that is made up of polyethylene. Secondly, a protection of cathodic used to produce of negative electrical potential between the pipe as well as soil. The report is based on review of the asset management system within context of the gas pipelines that has been conducted. Asset management system Baistriuchenko and Oladapo (2014) stated that asset management within the gas pipeline industry is a concern with integrity guarantee. At the time of dealing with the service life, special attention should be given to assessment of pipelines due to external corrosion as well as third party damage. The gas pipeline asset management concerns with activities of asset life cycle such as designing, constructing, installing, utilizing as well as disposal. The pipeline industry uses of standards such as ISO/IEC 15288 and PAS 55-1 2 in order to improve of asset management system (Lowenstein Slater 2016). The paper summarizes an asset management framework for the given situation and its respective functions. Asset management framework Within the gas pipeline industry, there is risk associated with leakage as well as explosion. The importance of asset management system in terms of ability to transport of gas flow rate can be fewer of organizational issue than ensues of reliability of the pipeline (Franssen Hafkamp 2016). With use of PAS 55-1: 2008 standard, it measures performance, incident investigation, emergency preparedness and responses and finally documentation records. It states requirements of the asset management system for managing the physical assets as well as asset systems in excess of the life cycle. It aims to ensure that the assets of the organization are managed over time (Revie 2015). It allows the organization to expand good practices for sustainable as well as long-term management of the assets. PAS 55 provides with a useful asset management framework for the gas pipeline organization. It discusses the needs of PAS 55-1: 2008 asset management that specifies the optimized administration of the p hysical assets (Badiru Osisanya 2016). It provides framework for long-term asset management abilities for improving the business operations. Therefore, this standard is beneficial for the mentioned gas pipeline situation as it helps in gaining competitive advantage to the organization by managing the assets (Love et al. 2014). Using this standard, asset management drives savings of price and improvement in the service. Inspection intervals are to be set up with use of expert judgment rather than use of decision models. External corrosion of pipe wall of the pipeline is prevented by two systems. Firstly, the pipeline is being coated with protective layer that is made up of polyethylene. Secondly, a protection of cathodic used to produce of negative electrical potential between the pipe as well as soil (Nnadi et al. 2014). The first system is coating, such that the pipeline is being coated with yellow jacket polyethylene. The industry is suffering from coating degradation, therefore they go for end choice such as Cathodic protection system. This second system provides an unprotected environment where there is loss of metal as well as corrosion cracking (Iqbal et al. 2017). Cathodic protection system reduces the corrosion in the pipelines on the metallic pipes by application of the electric current. While there is damage into the system, it causes accelerated deterioration as well as failure of the pipelines (Knapp Langill 2014). The mitigation system has buried components that are interconnected wit h the electric cables. It is located at a distance from the pipeline to keep it protected. Asset management policy should be implemented in the gas business so that it can develop to deliver exceptional services to the customers that balance risk as well as cost (Dutta Madi 2014). The policies are communicated with the workers of the gas pipeline industry for ensuring safe as well as secured working environment for them. The asset management activities are placed within the gas pipeline industry and it is asset integrity as it is the main concern. Asset management framework - Key functions and key relationships between the functions The organization should establish of long term asset management strategies that help them to mitigate the risks. The strategies are being consistent with the organizational policies of other organization. Identification as well as consideration of the stakeholder identification is required (Badiru Osisanya 2016). The strategies should be implemented such that it can take into account the asset related risks. PAS 55-1: 2008 standard measures the performance, incident investigation, emergency preparedness and responses and finally documentation records. The functions of the PAS 55-1: 2008 are as follows: This particular standard starts processing to map overall asset base as well as creates the information strategy as per the organizational requirements (Lowenstein Slater 2016). It is reducing existing time based work and replacing it with risk-based approach. It can create of motivational performance management for the organization to overcome with the risks (Badiru Osisanya 2016). It provides framework for long-term asset management abilities for improving the business operations (Knapp Langill 2014). It provides good practices in the lifecycle planning and optimization of cost. It shows capable governance for the critical infrastructure (Gulp?nar, Pachamanova anakoglu 2016). It tracks the incidents, problems as well as any changes with the organization. It supports remedial and defensive actions. PAS 55 is dealing with the structure as well as responsibilities of the asset management. It measures performance, incident investigation, emergency preparedness and responses and finally documentation records (Glasson Gibbons 2015). The scope of asset management is to understand the possible functions and their interrelationships. Asset management functions provide a strong influence on the performance of the standards (Love et al. 2014). The operation of the asset management is not only limited to the operation but it can also maintain any involved changes. Asset management strategy ought to be executed in the gas pipeline industry with the goal that it can create to convey exceptional services to the clients that adjust chance and cost (Dutta and Madi 2014). The arrangements are interacted with the specialists of the gas pipeline industry for guaranteeing security and secured working condition for them. The asset management activities are set inside the gas pipeline industry and it is resource trustworthiness as it is the fundamental concern (Baistriuchenko Oladapo 2014). The asset management strategies are establishing approach to manage public safety into the pipeline industry. It manages network integrity as well as its operational integrity. It provides effective delivery of services and improves environmental performance. Lastly, it improves decision support processes. These strategies are specific to the life cycle plans tht can manage the risks associated with the asset management of pipeline industry. Diagram for asset management framework The asset management framework sets out the asset management decisions, prediction activities, pipeline operation and maintenance and finally asset management analysis. A control process constituted by the lifecycle maintains the management decisions. Pipeline configuration circumstance information and preservation system configuration are taking as asset modifications in the gas pipeline industry (Gulp?nar, Pachamanova anakoglu 2016). As the maintenance requirement analysis, failure prevention strategies for pipeline and preservation system are taken. In top down direction, these strategies are assisting feed forward authorization as well as plan to manage directions for the operational level activities. In the bottom up direction, the activities are demanding response from lower level activities to let the analysis and make decisions (Glasson Gibbons 2015). Risk assessment is done to identify the risks and mitigate them. Figure 1: Asset management framework (Source: Gulp?nar, Pachamanova anakoglu 2016, pp- 1031) Conclusion It is concluded that asset management system as far as capacity to transport of gas stream rate can be less of authoritative issue than follows of quality of the pipeline. With utilization of PAS 55-1: 2008 standard, it focuses on execution, occurrence examination, crisis readiness and reactions lastly documentation records. It states prerequisites of the benefit administration framework for dealing with the physical resources and resource frameworks in overabundance of the life cycle. It intends to guarantee that the benefits of the association are overseen after some time. Asset management policy ought to be executed in the gas business with the goal that it can create to convey excellent administrations to the clients that adjust chance and in addition cost. PAS 55-1: 2008 standard begins handling to guide general resource base and in addition makes the data system according to the organizational prerequisites. It decreases existing time based work and replaces it with hazard base d approach. It can make of motivational execution administration for the association to overcome with the risks. It gives structure to long term resource administration capacities for enhancing the business operations. It tracks the incidents, issues and in addition any progressions with the association. Finally, the standard is dealing with the structure as well as responsibilities of the asset management. References Baistriuchenko, NO Oladapo, A 2014, Analysis of Asset Management System in a Private Enterprise, pp.60-67. Revie, RW 2015,Oil and gas pipelines: Integrity and safety handbook. John Wiley Sons. Badiru, AB Osisanya, SO 2016,Project management for the oil and gas industry: a world system approach. CRC Press. Nnadi, U, El-Hassan, Z, Smyth, D Mooney, J 2014, Lack of proper safety management systems in Nigeria oil and gas pipelines,Loss Prevention Bulletin, (237). Iqbal, H, Tesfamariam, S, Haider, H Sadiq, R 2017, Inspection and maintenance of oil gas pipelines: a review of policies,Structure and Infrastructure Engineering,13(6), pp.794-815. Knapp, ED Langill, JT 2014,Industrial Network Security: Securing critical infrastructure networks for smart grid, SCADA, and other Industrial Control Systems. Syngress. Love, PE, Matthews, J, Simpson, I, Hill, A Olatunji, OA 2014, A benefits realization management building information modeling framework for asset owners,Automation in construction,37, pp.1-10. Glp?nar, N, Pachamanova, D anakoglu, E 2016, A robust assetliability management framework for investment products with guarantees,OR Spectrum,38(4), pp.1007-1041. Glasson, J Gibbons, P 2015, Understanding the context of the organisation: adopting a systems thinking approach to asset management. Dutta, R Madi, M 2014, January, Best Practices in Asset Integrity Management System. InIPTC 2014: International Petroleum Technology Conference. Lowenstein, D Slater, C 2016, September, Reducing the cost of test through strategic asset management, InIEEE AUTOTESTCON, 2016(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Franssen, MJPM Hafkamp, PJM 2016, November, Risk based asset management aspects in order to cope with successful life-cycle civil engineering, InLife-Cycle of Engineering Systems: Emphasis on Sustainable Civil Infrastructure: Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE 2016), 16-19 October 2016, Delft, The Netherlands(p. 264). CRC Press.

Professional Regulation and Criminal Liability an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Professional Regulation and Criminal Liability The nursing profession entails offering care to needy people in the society. It deals with offering health teaching, counseling and offering supportive and restorative care. Care offered could be physical or psychological. To be a registered nurse in the New York, one must be licensed. The process of registration involves filing an application with the department. One must have acquired the appropriate educational qualifications, which include a diploma or degree in professional nursing according to the commissioner&rsquos regulations. Need essay sample on "Professional Regulation and Criminal Liability" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The recommended age is above 18 and one must be of good moral character as per the department standards. A fee of $115 is paid to the department and an examination is conducted for the initial license. $40 is for re-examination, $70 for initial license of those who are not examined in New York State. One must in addition to these qualifications have acquired or completed a course work training in the identification and reporting of child abuse. Licensure in nursing in New York also follows the same process as the registration. One needs to apply with the department, meet educational requirements, pass relevant examinations and be of good moral character. A fee is also paid attain the license. The credentialing process is also important in the nursing filed. The nursing profession is involved in the coordination and central of credentialing process of the professional nurses. A masters&rsquo degree is required to venture into advanced practice. Such professionals are supposed to perform their duties according to the ethical and legal standards set. Credentialing process for basic and advanced nursing practice is under the state board for nursing and the state education department. Credentialing for advanced practice professional is cohesive and includes formal education, clinical practice, continuing education and certification for validating competence. Credentialing is the process of obtaining, verifying and assessing qualification of nurses to provide patient care, treatment and services in a health care organization. In New York, the practice of a nursing practitioner requires supervision or referral from a licensed physician. Nurses are expected to renew their licenses every 3 years. According to the statutes, nurse practitioner can prescribe drug, immunizing agents and devices in accordance with the practice agreement and protocols. State board of nursing administers the licensure process. Certification of nurses in New York involves application after one has attained the relevant qualification skills as stated by as stated by the commissioner&rsquos regulations or the New York&rsquos education law. One is also required to pay a fee of $80 for the certification. The nursing regulations are found in the article 139 of the education law. The Rules of the Board of Regents part 29 gives details of unprofessional conduct. Unprofessional conduct in this field includes administering immunization, agents when the agents in question can be ineffective or unsafe. This entails administering expired agents when there is clear evidence that the expiry date has been reached. Agents that have not been stored according to the required standards should also not be used. It is unprofessional for nurses to abandon or neglect a patient in dire need of care without prior arrangement for the continuation of such care. Reasonable notice must be offered if one intends to abandon a health care so as not to jeopardize the quality of care to be offered. They should not willfully harass, abuse or intimidate patients physically or verbally. Proper record maintenance must be practiced and they should be accurate. Precision in using the title doctor should be used. One must indicate the field or profession a doctor has specialized in. Excessive tests or treatment should not be offered. Treatment facilities that are not warranted by a patient&rsquos condition should also not be used. Secret treatment, which is not pulged to the state board of professions, should not be used. Identity badge must be used and they should be legible and conspicuously displayed. They should indicate ones name and title of one&rsquos qualification. Nurses are also not expected to enter into agreements with pharmacist in favor of certain prescriptions. Nurses must indicate their names and date of prescriptions and those of the patients, the strength and quantity of the drugs or device offered as well as directions for use. Scientifically accepted infection prevention techniques must be used in cleaning and sterilization or disinfecting of devices, materials and work surfaces. Appropriate gloves should be worn to protect contamination. Gloves used should be discarded, new ones used in case they are torn and hands should be washed. Specimen of blood and body fluids should be placed in well-constructed containers. Common areas of punishable professional misconduct violations include the use of fraud or deceit in obtaining or attempting to obtain a nursing license, physical or psychological impairments leading to incompetence or negligence, Habitual use of or addiction to drugs or alcohol. Improper handling or alteration of patient records, performing tasks beyond the states nurse practice act, violating the patient&rsquos confidentiality, or their human rights and dignity. Offering care based on prejudice is also a case of professional misconduct in nursing. Other forms of professional misconduct involve aiding an unlicensed person to perform activities that require one to be licensed, being convicted of a crime, sexually or physically abusive. Nurses who practice without licenses are subject to criminal penalties. Such practice is considered as a felony in New York and is punishable by imprisonment or a fine. The New York State licensure board is responsible for enforcing prohibitions against unlicensed practice. There is no justification for such practice. Health centers or hospitals develop standards for credentialing nurses in their facilities. Credentialing decisions incorporate the practitioner&rsquos credentials, experience, and performance in accordance with medical staff by laws. National organizations like joint commission for the accreditation of health care organizations (JCAHO) and National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) have set standards that such facilities should meet. Failure to meet the set standards such hospitals or health care centers lose their accreditation status. Cases of criminal liability in New York include the professional misconduct where nurses neglect patients in nursing homes. Hidden cameras were used to validate allegations of abuse and neglect. The New York Attorney Generals Office Fraud Control Unit investigators were able to identify employees who neglected a 70-year-old bedridden patient with dementia. They failed to maintain the patients cleanliness by constantly changing his bedpans and bedsores. In addition to that, they falsified his medical care records to indicate proper care. In the event of incompetence, negligence or other professional misconduct offered by a nurse, the patient should fill the complaint form and sent it to the New York State Education Department Office of Professionals. In the form the patient offers his or her details his or her name, address and telephone numbers. Information about the nurse that one is complaining about, the hospital and its address should also be indicated. The complaints should also be described in terms of what happened, when and where. The patient must be very specific. Other medical personnel&rsquos, administrators, specialists or even employees of the facility can also report a nurse&rsquos professional misconduct. Any one who reports the misconduct out of good will has immunity from liability. One must then certify that allegations made are true and complete. The patient or the person complaining can contact a knowledgeable person about professional misconduct before filling the complaint form. The staff members of the regional office where complain were made follow up the forwarded complaints. Cases of illegal or unlicensed practice are solved administratively or referred to the States Attorney General for criminal prosecution. Patients can follow up the progress of their complaints even when investigation is proceeding. This way, they can be informed if the complaint has been referred for further action. Although time needed for prosecution of cases may vary most investigations are completed within 9 months. The patient is informed of the status of their complaint and the final outcome. After accusations or allegations of professional misconduct are put forward on a nurse the state board of nursing conducts an investigation and an administrative review. The board&rsquos actions are mostly &lsquocomplaint driven&rsquo. The board uses discretionary powers and can issue decisions or ruling court proceedings and possible legal penalties result from the boards administrative review findings. The accused can appeal the board&rsquos decision in a court of law. Displinary actions taken if one is found guilty of professional misconduct include imposing a probation period, a fine or restricting the nurse&rsquos scope of practice. Other displinary actions include formal reprimand of the nurse, being place on probation, suspension or the board can refuse to renew the nurse&rsquos license or revoke the license in totality. Minor forms of misconduct may be solved through administrative warnings or advisory letters by the office of the professionals. (Follin S, 2004) The administrative review process begins when a person, health care facility or professional organization files a signed complaint against a nurse to the board. The board may also initiate the action. The board reviews the grievance to decide if the actions in question actually violate the states nurses practice act. A meeting with the accused nurse is requested and the allegations discussed. The nurse can also be asked to write statements of specific incidences that led to the complaint. The nurse can consult experienced nurse attorney before the meeting. Formal hearing is arranged if the board decides that the actions violated the states nurses act. Witnesses are called upon to give evidence. An impartial attorney may act as the hearing officer in the formal hearing alongside the judge. The board could also hear the case. (Follin S, 2004) If the board finds the nurse guilty, it takes appropriate displinary actions. In challenging the boards decision the court can re-examine the boards decision to establish if the board conducted the hearing properly or conduct a trial. An appeal can be sought with a higher court if one is not contended with the court&rsquos ruling. References: Office of professionals. 2006. Laws, Rules & Regulations Rules of the Board of Regents Part 29, Unprofessional Conduct. Retrieved on 4th February 2008 Online Lawyer Source. 2007. Nursing Home Neglect Being Caught by Hidden Video Cameras August 27th, 2007. Retrieved on 4th February 2008 Stacey Follin 2004. Nursing and Practice Nurse's Legal Handbook. Lippincott Williams.

Is It Possible to Start a Foundation With a Big Helping Hand?

Is It Possible to Start a Foundation With a Big Helping Hand?Are you interested in starting a new chapter in your life as a philanthropist? By participating in volunteering activities, you can make a difference in the lives of others and help to create a better society. Starting a philanthropic cause or scholarship program is a perfect way to make a difference in your community and the world.You may have considered working for a wealthy family, charitable organizations, colleges, hospitals, and schools, or possibly a non-profit organization. These are all great opportunities, but why should you take on a volunteer job, especially when you already have a lot of money? If you aren't sure where to start, then consider starting a philanthropy sample essay. This will provide you with a starting point from which you can determine whether or not working with the poor, the underprivileged, or those who need help from you will be an enjoyable experience.Aside from the above advantages, the ac t of charity can be therapeutic as well. In many cases, you are able to give a helping hand in a community that has a problem. Without the need for you to leave your comfortable life to do so, you may find that it is far easier to follow through with your goals.One of the most common mistakes that is made by many people is that they assume that the end goal will be satisfied. However, it is unlikely that you will be successful if you put all of your effort into giving to just one charity. Instead, try to give to several charities in order to see how you are going to be able to contribute to their needs. When you do this, you are going to find that your efforts are more productive than you ever thought possible.It can be difficult for some people to study charity and to come up with a plan to give money away to those who need it. It may seem like a huge amount of work that is beyond them. The truth is that you can save money by providing for a philanthropy sample essay. There are ple nty of books that are out there, as well as a variety of websites that offer these papers for a reasonable price.Not only will you find the paperwork very affordable, but you will also find a number of ways to put the money you give away to good use. This could include paying for special needs children to go to school, buying a new home for someone who needs a place to live, or even providing for a person's health. You will want to look for a website that offers you a variety of choices.Based on the amount of money you are willing to donate, you will be able to choose from a variety of choices. However, these options should allow you to determine exactly how you are going to distribute the money. Remember that money will not change the world if you don't help others in need, so don't just stand in front of a charity and give it your full support.

Millennium Development Goals Essay Example

Millennium Development Goals Essay Example Millennium Development Goals Essay Millennium Development Goals Essay Black (cited Chianti 2004:2) explained ;modernization as the third great revolutionary transformation in human affairs and the process of rapid change since the scientific revolution. The process of this change is of the same great as that from pressman(sic) to human and from primitive to civilized society. For a world were dynamism and upgrading is the order of the day, moving from a lower to a higher system can be said to be appropriate and Ghana as a nation must not be left out of the global trend, rather we (Ghana) should transform the deteriorating traditional societies to a modernized one. The difference between modernizing and rotational societies is profound-being the difference between simple static structure and complex dynamic process. I-IN-HABITAT defines a slum household as a group of individuals living under the same roof in an urban area who lack one or more of the following: 1. Durable housing of a permanent nature that protects against extreme climate conditions. 2. Sufficient living space which means not more than three people sharing the same room. 3. Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts at an affordable price. 4. Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private or public toilet shared by a reasonable number of people. 5. Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions. Many has been done to reducing poverty in rural areas, meanwhile, arbitration is leading to the sprawl of cities given birth to many slums. Although investments have been made in various sectors, such as health and infrastructure. In addition to the introduction above this essay will explore; Modernization theory and development Millennium development goals visevise modernization; slum upgrade Conclusion. Modernization theory and development; The basis of modernization theory is a shift from traditional to modern which includes both economic and social factors. Most developed countries including the west have gone through the developing stage and one theory that underpinned their development is said to be the modernization theory. In quest for slum upgrade in Ghana, modernization is one area that cannot be eschewed reading from the many evolved countries. Modernization theory is not a single, homogeneous theory, but rather a collection of several theoretical approaches. This leaves us in a position here it is not possible to find intrinsic elements of modernization theory, but we can instead find common elements as described by Brahmas (cited Behind 2000, 13) the six common elements of modernization; Modernization draws upon a number of development factors (technological change, capital accumulation, changing values and attitudes). These different factors can be analyzed from several different perspectives, but most common is the idea of inducing social change (in values, norms, beliefs, customs). It was thought that these social changes would prompt other spheres of development. Societies and the components which make up societies (values, institutions, social groups, and religions) can be divided into traditional and modern spheres. These two spheres usually exist separately, but dual societies can exist for shorter periods of time. In the end the modern will overtake the traditional. Development, as experienced by the West, is the same path which the third world countries will follow. The modernization process is seen as similar for all countries, but the rates of change and the general pace of development might differ. Modernization is seen as inevitable and assumed to be beneficial for all. Modernization is synonymous with Westernizes. Key factors for the development of the west came from within. Such factors might involve changes in values and attitudes, technological innovations and investment capital. In the third world, however, if these factors could be supplied the modernization process would speed up. The pace of modernization is dependent on agents of change that is to say leadership or leaders. Millennium development goals visevise modernization; slum upgrade Internationally development is marked by some pointers including the human development index (HID) which focuses on the individual development of the citizenry. The HID measures development in three basic dimensions: long and healthy life, access to knowledge, and a decent standard of living. Minion the ;Agents of change in Ghana made massive step to developing the underdeveloped of Ghana by signing on to the Millennium Development Goals (MEG). The Mugs are made up of eight different goals with their targets and their indicators, all of which points to development. ;In September 2000, world leaders adopted the UN Millennium Declaration, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and expand the choices of the poor. A set of time bound and measurable goals and targets for combating poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women the Millennium Development Goals (Mugs) were placed at the heart of the global development agenda. Nevertheless, till date Ghana is struggling to relatively develop. I therefore argue that modernization [modernizing Ghana especially the slums can lead to Ghana achieving the entire eight Mugs base on the following argument; Mostly slums are often the first step out of rural poverty. The rural poor move to cities, where there are more employment opportunities and better access to services such as health care and education and they settle mostly in the slums, perhaps they create the slum settlements. In many slums, overcrowding and inadequate or non-existent school facilities and other amenities further impact the quality of education that children receive. In some countries, adolescents drop out of school because of insufficient or overcrowding in slum schools, or because of family responsibilities, such as taking care of siblings while parents are at work The use of solid fuels in slum households increases the chances of children contracting respiratory illnesses, such as ammonia. Many slums are also located in or near hazardous or toxic sites, which expose children to additional environmental and health hazards. Parents struggling to pay for food, school fees and transport costs may be unwilling or unable to pay for the health care of their children, which has an impact on child mortality rates. Many women living in slums cannot afford the relatively more expensive delivery and post- natal health services. Slum residents often start sexual intercourse younger, have more sexual partners, and are less likely than other city residents to know of or adopt preventive measures against contracting HIVE/AIDS. Poor sanitation and lack of toilet facilities in slums has also led to large sections of the population defecating in the open. This contributes to contamination of water and land resources, and is a cause of many of the water-borne diseases prevalent in slums. Although investments have are often not targeted specifically at slums. Many African countries in the sass, adopted slum and squatter upgrading programmer largely funded by the World Bank. Turner (cited Ben C. Airman) had argued based on field observation in Peru that the solution to slums was not in their demolition, but in improving the environment: if governments could improve the sanitary conditions and environmental quality of slums, then residents given their organizational skills and resourcefulness will gradually improve their houses, especially when encouraged by security of tenure and access to credit. The adoption of slum upgrading strategies marked a radical change in official attitude towards slum and informal settlements. Upgrading programmer are locality-based improvement strategies designed to replace the various degrees of obsolescence and decay in slum areas through the provision or improvement of basic services and physical infrastructure such as water education, sanitation, garbage collection, storm drainage, street lighting, paved footpaths and streets Babbles, (cited Ben C. Airman, 6) Conclusion Slums provide an important entry point for the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals; the sheer concentration of people living in slums make them ideal targets for interventions aimed at reducing poverty, reducing child mortality and HIVE/AIDS, improving literacy and promoting environmental sustainability in urban areas. Meds, benchmark for development, modernization that means development.

Provide an analysis of an organisation explaining the relative Essay

Provide an analysis of an organisation explaining the relative importance of each of Porter's Five Forces for the organisation - Essay Example Background of Sony Corporation Sony Corporation is one of the reputed Japanese brands in the segment of electronics, operating successfully from 1946. Being headquartered in Tokyo, it operates successfully in the entire world among many other rivals of that segment with the name of Tokyo Telecommunication Engineering Corporation. Later in the year 1958, it started its operation with its corporate name, Sony Corporation (Sony Corporation of America, 2013). The prime objective of the organization is to offer wide range of inventive products as well as multimedia services to its customers at a competitive age so as to satisfy their demands. Side by side, by doing so, it might also enhance its market share and equity by 35% as compared to other rivals of the market. Apart from this, by presenting wide range of innovative products, the brand image and position of the organization of Sony Corporation might also get enhanced significantly among the existing players and the new entrants. Thi s report mainly highlights the background of Sony Corporation in brief way along with its strategic position in the market of electronics among other rivals. Side by side, this report also describes the importance of each of the porter’s five forces for the strategic position of the organization of Sony in this age (Sony Corporation of America, 2013).

Artices summary Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Artices summary - Article Example The chosen article consists of a study conducted on women in order to identify their underlying causes for major depression. The personalities of over 2000 women were studied by doctors at the Medical College of Virginia where they tried to unearth the kind of feelings women were going through. The main aim for the purpose of this test was to figure out the levels of depression as well as neuroticism that most women felt. According to the background of the study conducted, it was stated that these two factors are the most common aspects of a person’s inner thinking and mind which helps to depict whether or not a person is going through feelings of depression or is facing a period of depression. After a proper analysis of the results, it was noted that neuroticism coupled with depression were mostly caused due to genetic factors first. It was comprehended from the test results that in order to find out a woman’s level of depression, it is easier to understand the same by doing a search of the feelings of anxiety and stress levels in a woman rather than looking at her self esteem. (Seth B. Roberts and Kenneth S. Kendler, 1999) The article chosen for the purpose of explanation of substance dependency is based on young boys in their early-late teenage years. A number of noted psychologists have stated that this age has been witnessing an increase in terms of substance users and abusers around the world. Dependence on alcohol or drugs takes place in the subconscious of an individual at first and therefore, it is a very psychological reaction faced by the person as he continues or increases his usage of substances to carry on with his lifestyle. The article notes that there are a number of offspring of substance users that fall into the trap as well, and due to such usage of drugs, narcotics and alcohol to lead a wayward life, they lose their ability to control emotions and fair very poorly thus, in ECF tests conducted. Such users have been said

Infertility Essay Example for Free

Infertility Essay What is infertility? Infertility is defined as inability to conceive despite have regular unprotected intercourse for at least 12 months or for at least six months for a woman over the age of 35. Infertility can also refer to a female who can not carry a pregnancy to full term. What causes infertility? There is no one thing that causes infertility. Infertility can be caused by complications with the body such as ovulation disorders, premature ovarian failure, poor egg quality,overactive or underactive thyroid gland,etc. Other factors that affect infertility include age,smoking,heavy drinking, being overweight or obese, over or under exercising, eating disorders, sexually transmitted infections and even being stressed. Are only women infertile? No,about 20% of cases of infertility are due to a problem with the man. Just as women can have complications with their reproductive organs men can experience this as well. Complications include sperm abnormalities like low sperm count, abnormal sperm shape, poor sperm motility. Other problems include structural abnormalities and problems with ejaculation. Are there other options? Although infertility affects about 15% of couples, the research and treatment has come a long way. weather its the male, female, or both are experiencing fertility problems there are options. There are many different ways that assisted conception can be done these include IUI, IVF, ICSI, and sperm or egg donation. IUI (intrauterine insemination) commonly done when men have a low sperm count. it is the insertion of sperm directly into the uterus during the time of ovulation. IVF (in vitro fertilization) is when sperm and eggs are combined in a petri dish and then the embryo is placed in the uterus. ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is when a single sperm is injected into and egg and then placed directly into the uterus. Sperm or egg donation is when there is either no sperm or egg in one if the partners, its possible to receive sperm or eggs from a donor. How does this relate to me? Most teens do not even think about having a baby, but what we are doing as teenagers can affect us down the road. Teens are becoming sexually active at a much younger age and the increase of STI’s is creating a big problem for these teens fertility. Researchers predict a jump in infertility in the next 5-15 years due to the high chlamydia rates in women in their teens and early 20’s. Many other activities that are increasing in the teenage population can increase the risk of becoming infertile. These activities include smoking, heavy drinking, being overweight, over or under exercising, eating disorders, mental stress or illness and illegal drugs. What else should i know about infertility? It is estimated that one in six couples face difficulties in conceiving about 10% of women ages 15-44 have difficulty getting or staying pregnant about 20% of women have their first child after 35Â  infertility affects men and women equally up to 13% of female infertility is caused by cigarette smoking ovulation abnormalities and sperm deficiencies are the most common causes of infertility 29 year old woman has a 20% per month chance of getting pregnant compared to 7% for a woman at age 39 25% of infertile couples have more than one factor that contributes to their infertility after age 35 a womans chances of getting pregnant go down and chance of miscarriage goes up