The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism Essay Example

The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism Essay Air Arabia is one of the low cost air hoses of UAE, based in Sharjah. It soon is runing in more than 45 finishs consisting of major metropoliss in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few parts of cardinal Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is besides registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization In the recent old ages the menace due to its replacement rivals was about nullified. They stood nowhere in forepart of Air Arabia but there had been a changeless menace from the approaching new rivals. Though the new rivals were non plenty to dispute Air Arabia, there was still some sort of menace because the Numberss of such rivals were increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. In UAE ab initio there were many air service suppliers, but in the recent times Air Arabia has proved to be the most effectual one compared to its old rivals. With the increasing oil monetary values the rivals of Air Arabia increased their monetary values, but Air Arabia kept its low budget menus in order to derive more and more public support at the cost of impermanent loss or small fringy addition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Low Cost Airline Air Arabia Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The low cost bearers are so effectual that they helped Air Arabia win Merit Award for CAPA Low Cost Airline of the Year 2006 and the World Airline Award for Best Low-cost Airline in the Middle East in 2007. The biggest menace that Air Arabia has is from its rivals. The ground for the same is that one time a company gets a comment of dissatisfying its clients by non making as advertised, the rivals take advantage. Key schemes include: Entering in new sections and therefore taking dependence on scorch section ( low cost bearer ) . Arranging financess to purchase more financess. Balancing between increasing rising prices and commanding the monetary values of the tickets. Geting new and little air hoses for faster enlargement. Geting listed at new airdromes and get downing operation in new topographic points. Supporting authorities s Emiritization scheme to acquire more federal support. Talking about the execution of schemes, for increasing its selling dimension, the company has invested over DH one million in footings of Ads, both online and print media. This would ensue in a long term net income for the company, though it s rather a heavy sum on the footing of company s current scenario. More includes: International flight linking Abu Dhabi to more than 45 international finishs in USA, Indian subcontinent etc. Air Arabia carried over 4.6 million riders, an augment of about 65.8 % over in 2006. ( Lowcostairlinesworld, 2009 ) Along with this, it besides griped 175,000 dozenss of cargo in 2007, which is an addition of over 75 % than the twelvemonth 2006. Introduction: Air Arabia is one of the low cost air hoses of UAE, based in Sharjah. It soon is runing in more than 45 finishs consisting of major metropoliss in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few parts of cardinal Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is besides registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization . It was the first low-fare organisation in the Middle-East, started on 3rd February in the twelvemonth 2003. It offers about 40 % less monetary value than the other air hoses. The chief base of the air hose is Sharjah. In 2007 it was the first to offer public 55 % of its stock. It fundamentally aims at pulling the people. After its foundation it kept on distributing in services. For the clip in 2008 it had to endorse out from the Nepal part due to some unsure political and economic issues. It has collaborated with many other air hoses in many parts of the universe. Vision: The ultimate end of the company is to place itself at the top of all the Low-fare air hoses in UAE and in Gulf. The cardinal characteristics of Vision of the company are as follows: aˆ? Expanding its aircraft scope aˆ? To supply service on more figure of paths aˆ? To heighten efficiency of operations aˆ? And to increase its gross keeping a low and simple construction of low air-fare industry. Mission: The company s mission includes edifice and making multi-functional squad, addition gross and offering a value for money services in the part. The ultimate mission is to convey a revolution in the fear industry by new and advanced corporate criterions. Industry background: The air hoses industry of UAE is huge if we look at the figure of service suppliers. There are figure of low cost air hoses. National air hoses of UAE other than air Arabia include Gulf Air, Emirates and Etihad. Gulf air was started long ago in 1950. It provides a figure of installations to its users. First it has provided many onboard installations to kids below the age of 12. For the concern related people it provides the BBC universe intelligence. It besides provides separate dinning for the riders. It is treated as a standard national flight for most of the intents. Emirates air hoses were introduced after Gulf Air in 1985. It is besides considered as a national flight. It has won several awards for its services. This air hose consists of many air planes both for public and private issues. Etihad is the most recent one and was introduced after air Arabia in the same twelvemonth. It had besides become rather popular but could non vie with Air Arabia on low cost. A Kam air menu is besides considered as one of the low cost air hoses in UAE. Among all the bing national air hoses boulder clay day of the month Air Arabia is considered to be the cheapest 1. It is non considered to be a flight with the best installation on board but of class it offers a inexpensive menu t its clients. The installations provided by these national air hoses to their clients vary from each other. All these air hoses greatly contribute to the national economic system of UAE. Statement of job: In this study, we will speak about the cardinal schemes of Air Arabia, surrogate schemes available, execution, and SWOT, PEST and rival analysis of Air Arabia. For this concern, an interview with a director of the company is organized. The Manager stated that Air Arabia is making well good in its sphere which is soon concentrated to low cost air hose section. For long term position, the company is taking to come in in more sections than this alone. There are figure of strategic jobs the company is confronting. These are: Entering in new sections and therefore taking dependence on scorch section ( low cost bearer ) . Arranging financess to purchase more financess. Balancing between increasing rising prices and commanding the monetary values of the tickets. Geting new and little air hoses for faster enlargement. Geting listed at new airdromes and get downing operation in new topographic points. Supporting authorities s Emiritization scheme to acquire more federal support. Analysis: Environmental or Industrial Analysis: Air Arabia believes in supplying a superior and cost efficient life support system by presenting advanced installations and more handiness to derive client satisfaction. It aims to be a company that has value and importance based on sort of services it provides. The organisation has certain ethical motives when it comes to staffing and squad work, keeping client relationship, honestness, truthfulness, and flexibleness are that satisfy the evidences. The clients of the Air industry are in all signifiers. The aircrafts are used for the security of states and so travel to the authorities. Then importers and exporters of the market that import goods from every bit little as veggies to autos. So in bend we besides are utilizing these services. They are used for the people to go. The aircrafts are the bulk signifier of transit in the recent times. Porter s five forces analysis The menace of utility rivals: In the recent old ages the menace due to its replacement rivals was about nullified. They stood nowhere in forepart of Air Arabia. The other replacements kept on worsening and the company Air Arabia kept on bettering speaking in footings of net income in the market. The other companies could non offer such a low menus as compared to Air Arabia whose menus were singular. The menace of the entry of new rivals There had been a changeless menace from the approaching new rivals. Every now and so many new companies were launched along with the bing 1s. They all tried to fit up to the degree of Air Arabia but finally failed to go on on a long tally. They met with immense loss and finally ended up in increasing the cost. All these rivals tried to copy Air Arabia based on service it provides, but they failed to modulate them on a regular footing based on public satisfaction and demand. The strength of competitory competition Though Air Arabia continued to rule the market in the recent old ages, it had non been an easy occupation. It ever had to maintain itself watchful and altering. Though the new rivals were non plenty to dispute Air Arabia, there was still some sort of menace because the Numberss of such rivals were increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Air Arabia had to maintain a study of the predominating market conditions and take safe determinations to maintain traveling. Marketing facet of the company became important in keeping the market place. The bargaining power of clients Sing the bargaining power in instance of Air Arabia is a mere thing if we compare it with the installations it provides and the deficiency of able rivals. Peoples were non much into bargaining because Air Arabia had been the best available among all the others. However, in times of strong competition by some new challengers there had been some sort of bargaining by the clients, which was gracefully accepted for that period. The bargaining power of providers Suppliers in this instance refer to the stock holders of the company. They besides got a immense price reduction on available stocks. Besides the sum of available public stocks was well increased. They besides get a good sum of one-year dividend. Besides due to enlargement of their concern the stock holders made a immense net income. Rival Analysis: In UAE ab initio there were many air service suppliers, but in the recent times Air Arabia has proved to be the most effectual one compared to its old rivals. With the increasing oil monetary values the rivals of Air Arabia increased their monetary values, but Air Arabia kept its low budget menus in order to derive more and more public support at the cost of impermanent loss or small fringy addition. This was really important in giving Air Arabia a place rather different from others. Among all the bing national air hoses boulder clay day of the month Air Arabia is considered to be the cheapest 1. It is non considered to be a flight with the best installation on board but of class it offers a inexpensive menu t its clients. The installations provided by these national air hoses to their clients vary from each other. All these air hoses greatly contribute to the national economic system of UAE. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Sing the instance of Air Arabia, the low cost menu plays a important function in deriving the public involvement. The low cost bearers are so effectual that they helped Air Arabia win Merit Award for CAPA Low Cost Airline of the Year 2006 and the World Airline Award for Best Low-cost Airline in the Middle East in 2007.A With the increasing substructure, high regional GDP and a immense demand in assorted parts, air travels are lending to the success of low cost bearers in UAE. The ground for Air Arabia being so popular among all the parts of the universe is its award winning schemes. These awards add a great trade in their selling scheme which helps to bag future success. Air Arabia has been able to publicize its concern in the undermentioned ways: Travel bureau committees stopped Removal of interline, code-share relationships Use of secondary or alternate metropolis airdromes ( Eyefortravel, 2008 ) A As a figure of people have begun to experience the same, it is surely a positive facet of advertisement for Air Arabia. Failing The greatest failing that most of the air hoses companies are confronting presents is that they have non been able to populate up to their outlooks. On many occasions, Air Arabia has agreed on certain winging to certain finishs but it has non lived up to it. One such concern is that when the air hose company promised to wing to some of the most restricted finishs in the universe, it could non do it to Cairo as it most extremely expected by the tourers and other regular riders. So, as the advertizement said they did non book their expensive tickets through different air hose companies but at the same clip did non acquire the chance to go at all. Some of the major accoutrements as expected by the riders in Air Arabia in malice of its low cost are as follows: Amenity Kits Air Sickness Bags In-flight socks Eye sunglassess Blankets Headsets Opportunities High GDP Growth Ratess: Petroleum extraction and refinement operations have been on an all clip high in the UAE in the past few old ages. This has helped in the encouragement of the economic system of UAE. Air Arabia can take advantage of this fact and can assist do the usage of its low cost bearers more outstanding. A Positive Demographics: The per centum of young person ( under 30 old ages ) in the UAE is 64 % . This will supply a high in the hereafter market as liberalisation opens market even to air travel. It is one of the of import factors for Air Arabia to choose its aiming scheme. Strong Tourism: The energy and entrepreneurial spirit of the middle-east part is pulling touristry and concern traffic in its ain right. Ad can be done with all the touristry companies so as to do the circuit extremely low-cost for the tourers. Menaces The biggest menace that Air Arabia has is from its rivals. The ground for the same is that one time a company gets a comment of dissatisfying its clients by non making as advertised, the rivals take advantage. The other ground of menace for Air Arabia is that all the freshly unifying air hose companies are in a fling to capture the market by doing a strong repute. Once they come up with monetary value menus lesser than Air Arabia so even the best of advertisement would neglect. Company s public presentation: Air Arabia is one of the low cost air hoses of UAE, based in Sharjah. It soon is runing in more than 45 finishs consisting of major metropoliss in south-east Asia, Middle-East and few parts of cardinal Asia and Africa. Air Arabia is besides registered in AACO or Arab Air Carriers Organization . The company s mission includes edifice and making multi-functional squad, addition gross and offering a value for money services in the part. It was the first low-fare organisation in the Middle-East, started on 3rd February in the twelvemonth 2003. It offers about 40 % less monetary value than the other air hoses. The chief base of the air hose is Sharjah. In 2007 it was the first to offer public 55 % of its stock. It fundamentally aims at pulling the people. After its foundation it kept on distributing in services. For the clip in 2008 it had to endorse out from the Nepal part due to some unsure political and economic issues. It has collaborated with many other air hoses in many parts of t he universe. ( Ameinfo, 2009 ) Cardinal Schemes: A cardinal strategic issue includes: Entering in new sections and therefore taking dependence on scorch section ( low cost bearer ) . Arranging financess to purchase more financess. Balancing between increasing rising prices and commanding the monetary values of the tickets. Geting new and little air hoses for faster enlargement. Geting listed at new airdromes and get downing operation in new topographic points. Supporting authorities s Emiritization scheme to acquire more federal support. The company is seeking to present low cost flights so that more and more people avail them. There are fundamentally aiming on two countries. First of all they are cut downing some unneeded installations on short clip journeys. Removing these installations based on such a low cost barely affects public involvement. Second, they are seeking to cut down the carnival on some paths and at the same clip increasing the figure of flights on these paths. This means deriving public involvement and support based on low fringy net income. Other than offering inducements to its clients it besides offers heavy dividend and price reductions to stock holders. It was the first flight to supply so much of discount to its clients and stock holders. It keeps on increasing the installations offered in order to maintain the involvement maintained. ( Ameinfo, 2009 ) Air Arabia has late expanded its aircraft ranges. It has tried to spread out the concern in by presenting new paths in many parts of the part. There are more and figure of aircrafts in the parts where there were less no of aircrafts. Now the flights are available more often in some paths based on sum of net income made in the bing paths. In order to increase the value of its stocks in the market, the company has released more no of stocks to the populace with price reductions. The schemes, the growing and the hereafter programs offered by Air Arabia are sufficient to pull more and more stock holders which finally lead to enlargement in footings to money, power and public support. It has besides appeared on many other stock lists and minutess are besides about to get down. ( Eyefortravel, 2008 ) The company had been really peculiar in make up ones minding the cost of conveyance. It kept in head the rise and the falling monetary values of oil and other equipments, straight or indirectly related to their concern. In other words, they maintained a complete study of the predominating market. With the addition in the fuel monetary values many air hoses companies increased their monetary values and frailty versa. There are other schemes which were used for selling at fiscal degree. The company has gained a batch from them. The net income border has increased by 40 % in the recent old ages and there are still opportunities of farther addition. These all schemes have proved fruitful both for the company and the company stock holders which are straight or indirectly related to the company. The company has been able to keep up to the outlooks of its employees and its clients. Air Arabia greatly contributes in the UAE economic system. Recently it got an blessing to look on Dubai fiscal list. The Air Arabia is traveling to look on stock list of Dubai fiscal market and trading it will be started in few yearss. The manner Air Arabia is utilizing the budget and the manner it is using the schemes it is believed that in the clip to come if there is a slow economic system advancement, Air Arabia entirely can manage it. Strategic Options: Some schemes of Air Arabia for future few old ages are as follows: Expanding its aircraft scope: One of import restraint in company s enlargement program is the limited figure of lading and rider planes available to the company. The company will put periodic orders for new aircrafts to back up its enlargements programs. To supply service on more figure of paths: The company would wish to function in European states and other untasted finishs in North and South America. The enlargement will give a huge increase in company s present market size. To heighten efficiency of operations: As a long term scheme, the company would wish to implement TQM schemes in its operations. Increase its gross keeping high and choice construction of epicurean aircraft industry Another one is Emiritization and promotion of UAE people. The company has a figure of programs in this way with long term involvement which are mentioned as follows: UAE National Cadet Pilots Training or UNCPT The company invites aspirers who what to go a pilot with a statement like We are giving wings to your dreams . Its pilot preparation plan is one of the finest in the state. The company states that as the public Airline of the United Arab Emirate, it has an huge vision. To see farther Emiratis taking their right place as pilots in lone of the fastest mounting air hoses on the planet. UAE National Graduate Entry Management Plan The public air hose of the UAE, Air Arabia, is puting in its mentality and would accordingly like to pass in people by giving them the opportunity to be 1 of the privileged pupils chosen to fall in its UNGEM plan. It states that by this plan, alumnuss will develop hardy leading abilities and organize a aggregation of professionals who are organized to run into rapidly spread outing and developing leading wants in assorted subdivisions within the company. ( Eyefortravel, 2008 ) Enhancing the lading bearer s flights: As shown from the part of net income from the lading and client units, the lading unit contributes around 65 % of the company s turnover, which depict the clear laterality of lading unit over the client unit in footings of net income. The company would wish to use this religion of people in Air Arabia s lading unit to derive extra market portion. Therefore as an enlargement program for lading unit, the company is telling more portion of lading planes as compared to that of rider planes. Cleavage and targeting: The Company had divided the consumer market into assorted sections based on income and profession. The section which appears to be the centre of consideration for the company is those of high gaining boniness people who need to go systematically and comfortably. Positioning: It s really consumer s perceptual experience about the service. Royal Jet, from the beginning has tried to set up as a symbol for a inexpensive but dependable air traffic concern spouse. Execution: Air Arabia greatly contributes in the UAE economic system. Recently it got an blessing to look on Dubai fiscal list. The Air Arabia is traveling to look on stock list of Dubai fiscal market and trading it will be started in few yearss. It has already started offering discounts on stocks to its clients. The national economic system of UAE is traveling to be benefited by the sort of schemes being forwarded by Air Arabia. Not merely are they traveling to hold a immense concern but besides a immense investing in the stocks by the common people. The market is traveling to be greatly affected. Many new services are being started. The UAE authorities believes that Air Arabia can alone increase the UAE economic system from traveling down. It has now met with 32 % net income which is the highest of all time in the recent old ages. For increasing its selling dimension, the company has invested over DH one million in footings of Ads, both online and print media. This would ensue in a long term net income for the company, though it s rather a heavy sum on the footing of company s current scenario. ( Arabia, 2009 ) Use of engineering: The Company has late brought 7 new aircrafts with increased capacities and progress engineering. As the company is still really new, about all of the aircrafts are in good status. Talking about other technological diffusion parametric quantities, the company has late brought a SAP system which is an adept system from Sap international. This expert system is Artificial Intelligence based and works on cognition representation instead than informations use, therefore is extremely proficient and progress. The operation unit exploits the SAP system to expeditiously supervise the assorted facets and stock list components. The company besides has an on-line terminus to book tickets and offers assorted programs in flights harmonizing to client demands. International flight linking Abu Dhabi to more than 45 international finishs in USA, Indian subcontinent etc. Air Arabia carried over 4.6 million riders, an augment of about 65.8 % over in 2006. Along with this, it besides griped 175,000 dozenss of cargo in 2007, which is an addition of over 75 % than the twelvemonth 2006. ( Ameinfo, 2009 ) Air Arabia owns complete portion is its two subordinates, Air Arabia Holidays, a travel group and vehicle rental company and Air Arabia Crystal Cargo , which provides cargo managing services. Air Arabia had a 24 hr aid line for its clients. Air Arabia besides provides cordial reception services by supplying impermanent adjustment in hotels. ( Arabia, 2009 ) The Air Arabia owned a group of 37 traveller and lading aeroplanes, as depicted by the information of January 2008 and it program is to increase its aircraft group to 300 by the twelvemonth 2020. Air Arabia is besides be aftering to wing over 25 million clients per twelvemonth by 2020 and to twofold the figure of metropolitans served from 50 to do it near 100. Market cleavage: Soon the market is segmented on the footing of income and going frequence of the people. It consequences in coevals of sections like high concern category consumers, consumers going excessively frequently but using less, touristry based consumers ( non fixed ) etc. Apart from these sections, a assortment of new sections can be created like low-spending domestic category, chiefly for touristry. As illustration of this section can be India s turning domestic air power market which depends small disbursement but big sized section. Talking about the rival s engagement in these sections, Etihad is a large participant of inexpensive flights sections along with Easy jet. Some other like Palm operates in multiple sections. Some rivals are head to head challenger of Air Arabia in Luxury market like Sky jets etc. Thus the rivals are widely spread in these sections. Mentions: Ameinfo ( 2009 ) , Air Arabia selling squad takes centre phase , retrieved on 1st November, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ameinfo.com/29672.html Eyefortravel ( 2008 ) , Air Arabia plans enlargement , retrieved on 1st November, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.eyefortravel.com/news/middle-east/air-arabia-plans-expansionddle-east/air-arabia-plans-expansion Lowcostairlinesworld ( 2009 ) , Invention and chance for traditional and low cost bearers and investors , retrieved on 31st October from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lowcostairlinesworld.com/sg/programme.stm Air Arabia ( 2009 ) , Know us , retrieved on 1st November, from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.airarabia.com/crp_1/know-more

Biography of Architect Norma Merrick Sklarek

Biography of Architect Norma Merrick Sklarek Architect Norma Merrick Sklarek (born April 15, 1926 in Harlem, New York) worked behind the scenes on some of the largest architectural projects in America. Notable in architectural history as the first Black American woman registered architect in New York and California, Sklarek was also the first Black woman to be elected to the prestigious Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (FAIA). In addition to being the production architect for many high-profile Gruen and Associates projects, Sklarek became a role model to many young women entering the male-dominated architecture profession. Sklareks legacy as a mentor is profound. Because of the disparities she faced in her life and career, Norma Merrick Sklarek could be sympathetic to the struggles of others. She led with her charm, grace, wisdom, and hard work. She never excused racism and sexism but gave others the strength to deal with adversities. Architect Roberta Washington has called Sklarek the reigning mother hen to us all. Others have called her The Rosa Parks of Architecture. Fast Facts: Norma Sklarek Occupation: Architect  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also Known as: Norma Merrick Sklarek, Norma Merrick Fairweather, Norma MerrickBorn: April 15, 1926 in Harlem, New YorkDied: February 6, 2012 in Los Angeles, CaliforniaEducation: B.Arch. from Columbia University’s School of Architecture (1950)Architecture with Cesar Pelli: San Bernardino City Hall (1972) ; Columbus Courthouse Center in Indiana (1973); Pacific Design Center in California (1975); The U.S. Embassy in Tokyo, Japan (1978)Key Accomplishments: As a Black female, Sklarek became a well-respected project director and educator within the white male dominated field of architecture.Fun Fact: Sklarek been called The Rosa Parks of Architecture East Coast Years Norma Merrick was born to West Indian parents who had moved to Harlem, New York. Sklareks father, a doctor, encouraged her to excel in school and to seek a career in a field not normally open to females or to Americans of color. She attended Hunter High School, an all-girls magnate school, and Barnard College, a womans college associated with Columbia University, which did not accept women students at the time. In 1950 she earned a Bachelor of Architecture degree. After receiving her degree, Norma Merrick was unable to find work at an architecture firm. After being rejected by dozens of firms, she took a job at the New York Department of Public Works. While working there from  1950 to 1954 she studied for and passed the grueling, week-long series of tests to become a licensed architect in New York State - on her first try. She was then in a better position to join the large New York office of Skidmore, Owings Merrill (SOM), working there from 1955 until 1960. Ten years after earning her architecture degree, she decided to move to the West coast. West Coast Years It was Sklareks long association with Gruen and Associates in Los Angeles, California where she made her name within the architecture community. From 1960 until 1980 she used both her architectural expertise and her project management skills to realize the many multi-million dollar projects of the large Gruen firm - becoming the firms first female director in 1966. Sklareks race and sex often were marketing detriments at the time of her employment with major architectural firms. When she was a director at Gruen Associates, Sklarek collaborated with Argentina-born Cà ©sar Pelli on a number of projects. Pelli was Gruens Design Partner from 1968 to 1976, which associated his name with new buildings. As Production Director, Skarek had immense responsibilities but was rarely acknowledged on the finished project. Only the U.S. Embassy in Japan has acknowledged Sklareks contributions - the Embassy website stated that The building was designed by Cà ©sar Pelli and Norma Merrick Sklarek of Gruen Associates of Los Angeles and constructed by Obayashi Corporation, as straightforward and matter-of-fact as Sklarek herself. After 20 years with Gruen, Sklarek left and from 1980 until 1985 became Vice President at Welton Becket Associates in Santa Monica, California. While there, she directed the construction of Terminal One at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), which opened in time for the 1984 summer Olympic games in Los Angeles. In 1985 she left Welton Becket to establish Siegel, Sklarek, Diamond, an all-woman partnership with Margot Siegel and Katherine Diamond. Sklarek is said to have missed working on the large, complicated projects of previous positions, and so she finished her professional career as Principal at the Jerde Partnership in Venice, California from 1989 until her retirement in 1992. Marriages Born Norma Merrick, she was married three times. She is also known as Norma Merrick Fairweather, and her two sons are Fairweathers. Sklarek was the name of Norma Merricks second husband, architect Rolf Sklarek, whom she married in 1967. It becomes understandable why professional women often keep their birth names, as Merrick changed her name again in 1985 when she married Dr. Cornelius Welch, her husband at the time of her death. Quote In architecture, I had absolutely no role model. Im happy today to be a role model for others that follow. Death Norma Sklarek died of heart failure at her home on February 6, 2012. She lived with her third husband in Pacific Palisades, an affluent residential area of Los Angeles, California. Legacy Sklareks life has been filled with many firsts. She was the first Black woman to be licensed as an architect in New York (1954) and in California (1962). In 1959, Sklarek became the first Black woman to become a member of the American architects national professional organization, the American Institute of Architects (AIA). In 1980, she was the first woman to be elected a Fellow of the AIA (FAIA). Its notable that in 1923 Paul Revere Williams became the first Black architect to become a member of the AIA, and he rose to become a Fellow in 1957. In 1985, Norma Sklarek helped establish and managed the California firm Siegel, Sklarek, Diamond, one of the first woman-owned and operated architectural firm. Norma Merrick Sklarek collaborated with design architects to transform building ideas from paper to architectural realities. Design architects usually receive all the credit for a building, but just as important is the production architect who sees the project to completion. Austrian-born Victor Gruen has long been credited with inventing the American shopping mall, but Sklarek was ready to carry out the plans, making changes when necessary and solving design problems in real time. Sklareks most significant project collaborations include City Hall in San Bernardino, California, Fox Plaza in San Francisco, California, the original Terminal One at the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) in California, Commons - Courthouse Center in Columbus, Indiana, the Blue Whale of the Pacific Design Center in Los Angeles, the U.S. Embassy in Tokyo, Japan, Leo Baeck Temple in Los Angeles, and the Mall of America in Minneapolis, Minnesota. As a Black American architect, Norma Sklarek more than survived in a difficult profession - she thrived. Raised during Americas Great Depression, Norma Merrick developed an intelligence and tenacity of spirit that became an influence to many others in her field. She proved that the architecture profession has a place for anyone willing to persist at doing good work. Sources AIA Audio Interiew: Norma Merrick Sklarek. aia.org/akr/Resources/Audio/AIAP037892?dvidrecspecAIAP037892Bellows, Layla. Norma Sklarek, FAIA: A Litany of Firsts that Defined a Career, and a Legacy. AIA Architect. aia.org/practicing/AIAB093149Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation. Norma Merrick Sklarek.  bwaf.org/dna/archive/entry/norma-merrick-sklarekBWAF Staff. Roberta Washington, FAIA, Makes A Place, Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, February 09, 2012. bwaf.org/roberta-washington-faia-makes-a-place/National Visionary Leadership Project. Norma Sklarek: National Visionary. visionaryproject.org/sklareknorma/U.S. Department of State. Embassy of the United States, Tokyo, Japan. http://aboutusa.japan.usembassy.gov/e/jusa-usj-embassy.html

Underdevelopment in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Underdevelopment in Africa - Essay Example Underdevelopment in Africa Africa suffers persistent underdevelopment. Waiting 120 years, however, is hardly a feasible option. A solution is needed but solutions are dependant upon understanding the causes of persistent underdevelopment in Africa. A critical analysis of the situation indicates that while there is no single cause for persistent underdevelopment in Africa, corruption and totalitarian dictatorships may be identified as the primary causes. Within Africa, the legacy of colonialism is the most popular explanation for the continent's continuing underdevelopment. Certainly, as J. Brea (2008) explains, colonialism with its tendency for the "haphazard" division of territories and creation of states, not to mention its exploitation of the continent's natural resources, is a factor in Africa's underdevelopment (para. 1). In essence, the haphazard creation of nations is at the root if the failed state phenomenon which several African nations suffer from and, as such, is a root cause of political instability and hence, the inability to implement economic development policies (Brea, 2008). Nevertheless, it is hardly the primary cause of continued underdevelopment. Continued underdevelopment in Africa and the continent’s persistent failure to improve its economic status is primarily due to corruption, enabled by absolute totalitarian dictatorships. As Senyo Adjilbolosoo (2005) argues, Africa has received billions of dollars in aid and foreign investment during the post-colonial period.

Rolls-Royce Corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rolls-Royce Corporation - Assignment Example The richer airlines which can afford its huge price tag will get tremendous fuel savings (by flying non-stop 8,000 miles), a higher efficiency (fewer crew needed as each plane can carry up to 550 passengers), less stop overs and thereby save on airport landing fees that results in greater economic viability. The savings derived can thus be used to counteract budget airlines which operate on lower costs. For the poor countries, creative financing schemes can be made available for them, like barter (part cash and part payment in kind, such as mining or agricultural commodities). Financing can also be arranged for them, such as through the World Bank at very concessional rates or through its private subsidiary, International Finance Corporation (IFC). For both types of customers (rich airlines and newer but poorer airlines), a main drawback or disincentive is the price which can run into several million dollars. To help address this concern, Rolls-Royce can help them obtain financing at favorable terms, either by syndicated loans, leases (wet, dry, operating, option, walk-away, etc.) or direct government guarantees (U.S. ITC 9). It can manage these various stakeholders based on the degree of interest and power it wields on the particular project, based on the four quadrants as shown in Figure 1 below. This simple yet effective tool is for creating a sense of priority amid the jumble of conflicting and often contradictory demands and maps the several stakeholders; it can simplify the task by the order of priority based on the classification of their individual concerns (Bourne 65). In a final analysis, what keeps all stakeholders together is open, timely and accurate information as it is now considered a necessary prerequisite for corporate success because not only goods and services are exchanged in return for money but also

Dance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dance - Research Paper Example The Egyptians danced ceremoniously as a law by the pharaoh while in Hindus believed dancing to be sacred, as they believed the creator a dancer who danced through seasons. In the ancient times, dancing was a form of worship for the early Christians. Most communities around the world danced in their own methods to show the mood that was in the atmosphere at the time. Dance evolves over time not only in the old days but even presently. Dancing varies with the type of music one is dancing to; romantic music tends to be slow and therefore should have a slow dance in order for the song to synchronize with the moves. I, however, prefer hip-hop dancing style, which involves popping, breaking and locking. It came into existence in the 1970’s with American crews popularizing it. The African-Americans have hip-hop as a culture and the dance has been a major identifier of the hip-hop culture. This from of dance has continually gained popularity all around the world due to the many shows commercializing it. In the eighty’s the show soul train premiered the hip-hop shows with many topnotch dancers participating. This trend has been continually pulling a crowd with and the films starring hip-hop dance styles including ‘step-up revolution’, which premiered in 2012. Hip-hop is a street dance and after its development, it had to have choreography in order to attract professionalism. This led to the birth of jazz music. Jazz has a cool dancing style, which is a cooler more relaxed version of the hip-hop street dance. The main distinguishing feature of hip-hop is that it depends mostly on improvisation from activities in the daily life. This dancing style started competitions between various hip-hop crews that known as dance battles. This dance is a way of entertainment for those who participate while to others it is a mode of livelihood and supporting themselves financially. Hip-hop involves three major styles the first is breaking

Concepts of Operations Management to the Fast Food Industry

Concepts of Operations Management to the Fast Food Industry INTRODUCTION: The ability of every organisation to make profit and sustain in this competitive world revolves around its competency to perform its operations accurately. Hence although the term Operations Management seems to be recently evolved. It has oriented with the industrial revolution itsef. In a lay mans language, operations management is the effective and efficient running of the various resources within an organization. The work below looks at the various theoretical concepts of operations management and how these are applied in the practical from in the various industries. It looks the interrelation between operations management and strategic objectives of an organisation. It can be rightly said that if these two concepts have to merge appropriately for a company to survive and make profit. OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT:   Operations management can be explained as providing the finest service at the lowest possible prices. This objective can only be achieved if each and every operation within the organisation is managed optimally. The various operations within an organisation that needs to be managed are  financial operations, capital management and human resource management. The legitimate and accurate management of these valuable resources results in successful operations management according to Stevenson 1993, Operations Management can be described as follows management of systems and processes that create good sand/or provide services(  Ã‚  as cited in J.Bicheno and B.Elliot,1977,p9). A more detailed definition of operations management is given by J.Bicheno and B.Elliot 1997, a field study that focuses on the effective planning, scheduling, use and control of a manufacturing or service organisation through the study of concepts from design engineering, industrial engineering, management infor mation systems, quality management, production management, accounting and other functions as they affect the operations. (J.Bicheno and B.Elliot,1977,p9).According to Mahadevan, Operations Management is a systematic approach to address all the issues pertaining to the transformation process that converts some inputs  Ã‚  into output that are useful and could fetch revenue for the organisation.(B.Mahadevan,2007,p5).Thus a detailed study of both the definitions states that Operations management is concerned with the accurate management of the various operation within any kind of organisation so as to maximise results by minimum use of resources. Thus for any organisation to perform successfully, it is mandatory to strictly monitor the smooth functioning of the various operations within the organisation. Thus in brief the role of operations management is to  transform the input into output in an  efficiently  manner.   Following are some of the benefits of effective operations management: Improves the productivity of the organization.    Minimizes the cost of the organizations.   Ã‚  Helps in forecasting the various trends within the market.   Ã‚  Avoids duplication of work.   Ã‚  Helps in intelligent use of resources.   Ã‚  Guides the company to provide excellent services and products.   Ã‚  Helps in developing solutions for the various problems faced by the organization. (B.Mahadevan,2007,p6,7) (C.Vidler, 2001, p7). INTRODUCTION TO MCDONALDS Every organisation that exists in the market has a goal set that has to be achieved by it within a given frame of time. These are goals can also be called as strategic objectives. Each organisation before entering the competitive market sets its strategic objectives and also develops a strategy to achieve the same. The organisation that is being studied is a famous chain of Fast Food Restaurants, McDonalds Corporation US. Its an organisation that started in 1940s by two brothers Dick and Mac McDonald. They stared a small restaurant in California in 1940s.Another personality that completely changed the fate of this organisation is Ray Krocs. A combined effort of all these three entrepreneurs resulted in an organisation which is one of the leading fast food  restaurants. (web-1) .Some of the objectives of McDonalds Restaurant is To cater good quality food to the customers in an environment that is benevolent and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  enjoyable. To keep their shareholders happy by providing good returns to them consistently. Their aim is to serve food at a faster pace which has value for money and impeccable taste and quality. They are also aim in perform their corporate social responsibilities in an effective manner. They are also doing their duties by being an eco friendly organization. A look at the  various strategic objectives it can be concluded that McDonalds has set up a defined set of objectives. They also have developed various strategies to achieve these objectives. The three features that the organisation concentrates on are quality, speed and satisfying customers. The  restaurant  has carried out many training programmes for the crew members so as to achieve the best customer service. They also focus on the  ambience  of the  restaurant  and put a lot of effort to maintain it. They also have special kids section in some restaurants so that the children and parents can have a quality time at one place. Cleanliness is not only maintained within the restaurant areas around the restaurant also cleaned up on a regular basis. They also perform corporate social duties judiciously. They support a  charity which helps the old people. McDonalds has also stopped using plastic bags and promotes the use of paper bags. They also propagate the idea of re cycling. There are many operations within the organisations. The main operations within McDonalds are  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Procurement of raw materials and machinery  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Production and Quality Maintenance  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pricing  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advertising and Marketing  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Customer Service  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corporate Social Responsibilities Procurement of raw materials and machinery: The main strategies used by McDonald have to maintain the inventory is JIT, Just in Time. According to Modem, JIT can be defined as a production system to produce a kind of unit needed, at the time needed and in the quantities needed (W.Jedlicka, 2009). The idea behind this is to reduce the cost of inventory management. This also helps in providing fresh food to the customers. This stragey is successful since the mangers in the restaurants do a daily stock count at the end of the day to keep a track of the avaiable things and things that have to be ordered. This also helps to double check the sales that are performed by the restaurant. Another strategy that is used by the restaurant is the First in First out (FIFO). According to this startegy the make it a point to sell product that have arrived earlier first and then the latter ones. The whole stock management process is designed in such a manner that this principle of Just in Time and First in First Out is strictly followed. Production and Quality Maintenance: In this phase the raw materials used are converted into finished products that are presented to the customers. This is a very important step. The kitchen crew is trained to produce the products by following a standard protocol. Every product that is created in the McDonalds kitchen has to follow the protocol so as to maintain the standard and quality of the products. Handling the production bin is a very important task. Every item that is produced has a certain shelf life after which it is declared to be unfit for consumption. Hence the food items are produced sloley on the basis of demands. During the busy hours there is always a manger on the production bin who manages the bin. It is only during this period that food is created a little in excess based on the expected crowd of customers. This is a strategy used by the restaurant to avoid long ques and to provide fresh food at a faster pace. Another measure that is taken by the company is the use of labels. Every ingredient with the kitchen has a label on it. This label states the time by which this product should be used and when the product should be discarded. Such a system helps in maintain the quality of the food served. The company also has the program of Mystery Shopper. In this program a member from the companys head office visits the individual restaurants as a regular customer to check the various aspects. This visit not only checks the quality of the food, it also checks the service provided to the customers, cleanliness within the  restaurant  and the overall experience in the restaurant. Thus we can see that effort is done by the individual restaurant and the company as well to maintain high standards in terms of quality of food. Pricing: The fact that McDonalds was making a good profit even during the time of recession is a clear reflection of the fact that they have a well developed pricing  strategy. They are one of the few restaurants that have a very well established 1 £ menu as well. This pound menu not only includes only one item it has a mix of all products that can be bought. Thus it is not only cheap but also provides variety for the customers to choose from. Even the  regular meals are priced rightly. Hence the customers do not hesitate. Thus in short one can surely say that dining at McDonalds is not a good experience that is not too heavy on the pockets.   Advertising and Marketing: McDonalds uses many channels of advertising like print media, bill boards, television advertisements and also sponsorship. Any new product that enters the menu is well advertised and marketed by the company. They create a great amount of awareness of the product that is being launched. Thus  attracting  the customers to their outlets.  Ã‚  Vouchers are also provided to the customers. It has been noticed that this startegy of providing vouchers is one of the major attraction for the customers. They also have promotional activities. Some of the promotional activities that are done by the restaurant are providing Coca-Coal glasses with every purchase of a large meal. They also play the game of monopoly in this every product that is sold to the customer has a sticker which may either be a part of the monopoly game or will be a coupon for a free product from their menu. Another marketing strategy that is used by the company is the use of loyalty cards. This helps in compelling their customers to come back to the same place. They also use the strategy of innovation. In this there will  able a particular range of new products that will be  available  for stipulated period of time. Once this time period is over they will have a new  product that  takes it place. Hence there is something new every time a customer walks- in. This helps in retaining the customers. Customer Service: This operation forms the base of the organisation. The aim of the company is to make the experience at the restaurant a unique one. This is only possible by providing excellent customer service. The company trains the newly recruited employees for providing excellent customer service. The crew members are asked to be sensitive to the needs of the customers. Although they have a protocol to treat the customers the employees are given the liberty to act according to the need of the  situation. Especially in the case of senior employees and mothers.  Ã‚  The company strongly believes that only if a customer is comfortable at the restaurant will they come back. Hence all measure is taken by the store employees to make sure that the customers are  completely  satisfied when they leave. They also have crew training programmes on a regular basis to upgrade the service and to develop new skills. Regular meetings are conducted to deal with any issues that are faced by the employees. T he company also promotes the crew members to take part in the various programmes that are conducted by the company. Thus motivating the employees. The company does annual appraisal in terms of salary as well as position based on the employees performance.   Corporate Social Responsibilities: According to P.Kotler and N.Lee, Corporate social responsibility is a commitment to improve community well-being through discretionary business practices and contributions of corporate resources (P.Kotler and N.Lee, 2005). Thus it can be seen that CSR has to be a way of functioning of every business that  exists. This function has to be implemented in every activity within the business. McDonalds officially absorbed this function into their operation in 2007; it was at this time that they developed a Sustainable Supply Steering Committee (SSSC).this committee was responsible to keep a check on the supply chain activities within the organisation. The company adopted the  Three Es into their supply chain. These are Ethical Responsibility, Environmental Responsibility and Economic Responsibility. The idea behind adopting these were to make sure that all the operation carried out within the organisation follow a ethical pattern  Ã‚  (Web 2). The company has also developed a Global Advisory Council (GAC) in 2004 that provide advice as to how  create a menu that provides healthy nutrition and a balanced-diet to the customers. (Web-3) Thus we see that every operation within the organisation from the procurement of raw materials to the disposition of corporate social responsibilities is performed diligently by the organisation. A smooth co -ordination between this function is the secret to the success of the organisation. This individual operation has to be controlled in an effective manner for the overall stable performance of the organisation. QUALITY, RESOURCE AND TOOLS MANGEMENT: The word quality has different meanings based on individual perceptions. For some quality of product or service means. The nutrition value or standard of the product or service for some others quality is that the product or service should meet their requirements  satisfactorily. In some other cases quality means value for the money that has been spent. Hence there is no definite way in which quality can be described. However an official  definition  of Quality has been given by International Organization for Standardization ISO 2000, the extent to which a group of intrinsic features (physical, sensorial, behavioural, temporal, ergonomic, functional, etc) satisfies the requirements, where requirement means need or expectation which may be explicit, generally implicit or binding.  Ã‚  (A.Illy and R.Viani, 2005).Another pragmatic definition of quality is given by Harrington 1990, Meeting or exceeding customer expectations at a cost that represents value to them. (A.Illy and R.Vi ani, 2005). In any company quality of the product and service is based on resources, tools and systems used by the company. McDonalds serves beef patties, these patties are made from cows that are corn -feed  in the U.S and some of these are also imported from Australia and New -Zealand. These patties are instantly frozen to maintain the freshness and quality. This process of freezing is known as Individual Quick Freezing developed by Herb Lotman. Herb Lotman is the founder of the Keystones Company, which is one of the major suppliers of McDonalds. The French fries are cooked in Canola Oil which provide 0 gram of Trans Fats. Salads that are served at the restaurant are freshly prepared in the restaurant as per the request of the customer. No preservatives are used in the salads that are served in the  restaurant. Most of the fountain drinks that are served at the restaurant are regularly monitored to maintain optimum quality. All milk based drinks are well pasteurised and mainta in high standards and quality. McDonalds coffee which is very famous is obtained from Brazil, Gutaemala and Costa Rica. The equipment that is used in the McDonalds Kitchen is Grills, Microwave, Shake Machines and many more. The grills are standardised to cook a particular meat, so they automatically set the time for cooking the meat. These grills are cleaned on a regular basis at the end of the day with strong solvents to ensure its cleanliness. The shake machines and the fountain drinks machines are regularly cleaned to ensure quality of the drinks. The fries are cooked in the frying vat at high temperatures. The quality of the oil is checked regularly to maintain the quality of the food. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT AN ANSWER TO ALL QUALITY ISSUES: The perfect way to imbibe quality as a part of the organisational culture is by adopting the principles of Total Quality Management. According to A.Rawlins, Total Quality Management is a way of managing to improve effectiveness, flexibility and competitiveness of an organisation as a whole. (R.A.Rawlins, 2008 p19). This concept of TQM proposes that quality is not a term that should be confined to the end product or service. Quality has to become a part and parcel of every operation within the organisation, thus making it an obligatory to maintain the same at every step. According to G.K.Kanji and M.Asher TQM can become a part of the organisation if its principles and concepts are applied accurately. They have given four principles of TQM and eight core concepts  for TQM.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Principles  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Core Concepts   Ã‚  I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Delight the customer:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Customer Satisfaction, Internal Customers are real   II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Management by Fact:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All work is process, Measurement   III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People-based Management: Team work, People make quality   IV.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Continuous Improvement: Continuous improvement cycle, Prevention. If all the areas mentioned in the above diagram are well managed this will result excellent functioning of the organisation. In which quality is maintained at every step hence there will not be any quality related issue. (G.K.Kanji and  M.Asher, 1996, p1). Advantages of Total Quality Management: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helps the organization to concentrate of the market trends. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Inculcate a culture of quality in every aspect of the organization from top to bottom. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Regularly assess all the process within the organization to eliminate outdated processes. 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To  continuously  develop new strategies for the company to achieve the changing strategic objectives of the organization. 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To work as a team and have problem solving attitude. 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To keep the goal and achievements of the organization well communicate d at every level. 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To always involve in a continues development programmed.   (R.A.Rawlins ,2008,p20,21). SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT: No organisation a be sated as perfect because there is room for improvement. An organisation that always updates or modified itself according to the need of the market is always successful. Carrying out a SWOT analysis is the best possible way to identify the weak links within an organisation. There is a lot of speculation on the companys role in providing nutritional food. As obesity is one of the major health issues in the current scenario. The company will have to reinforce as to how they are contributing to the society by providing food of the top most quality. It has been noticed that McDonalds faces the problem of high rates of attrition. This is a serious threat for the company as it is based on customer service. The reason this becomes a major issue is because it become an additional cost. As well the can also affect the companys sales and overall image. An unpleasant experience in the restaurant can be a major disaster. This can result in bad or negative marketing for the or ganisation. Another issue that is faced by the company is the health issue. The effect of this high turnover ratio on the organisation is as follows: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  High  financial  cost in terms of training the employee every time. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lack of trained employees can result in downfall of the organization. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reduced productivity and interruptions in the workflow 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loss of expert professionals. 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loss of business opportunities as the company is overwhelmed by the internal issues. 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Administrative issues within the organization. 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Loss of job satisfaction of the other employees and insecurities among the employees. (P.P.Phillips, 2002) RECOMMENDATIONS: The major issue in McDonalds as mentioned earlier is the high rate of attrition. Below are some of the points that would help in retaining the employees. Another problem that is faced by the organisation is a health issue. Ø  Ã‚  Peers Reviews is one of the strongest methods that can be used for employee retention. Ø  Ã‚  Fostering trust and respect and reducing management employee conflicts by regular meetings.(J.A.Carsen, 2002). Ø  Ã‚  Doing timely performance appraisals. Ø  Ã‚  Continuous motivation to be done- by rewarding at achievements. Ø  Ã‚  Recognition given to good work. Ø  Ã‚  Regular meetings to solve any grievances. Ø  Ã‚  Training the employees accurately. Ø  Ã‚  Job rotation should be practiced avidly so as to increase employee knowledge and enrich his experience. Many a times there have been cases were the organisation has been blamed for being responsible for health issues like obesity. Although the organisation makes use of healthy food ingredients there are such speculations. The best way to deal with this is to market the right and more explicit information on their products. This not only allows the customers to have a clear picture but make healthy choices while ordering. They can also get their food certified by authorities in the health and food section. Such an attempt will only help to clarify these false allegations. Last but not the least a customer survey should be done to identify their opinion and bring about changes within the organisation in a manner which is helpful to the company and the customers. Such an effort on the part of the organisation will strengthen their relation with their customers. CONCLUSION: Quality can be defined as anything that has value for the money and energy spent on it. It is not a onetime attempt to set up a good system in action and then never bother about it. Every organisation should maintain its quality standards not for good sale and profit, but must develop quality as a culture within the organisation. This culture of quality has to be passed down into every process within the organisation. It is only then a company will never face failures in achieving its goals  and objectives.   REFRENCES: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Web 1:  http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/our_company/mcd_history.html 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Web2:  http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/csr/about/sustainable_supply.html 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Web3:  http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/csr/about/nutrition___wellbeing.html 4) J.Bicheno and B.Elliot (1997), Operations Management: an active learning approach, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, UK, p9 5)  Ã‚  B.Mahadevan(2007),Operations Management Theory and Practice,Dorling Kindersley(India) Pvt Ltd, India,p5 6)  Ã‚  C.Vidler(2001),Operations Management, Heinemann Educational Publishers, Oxford. 7)  Ã‚  W.Jedlicka(2009), Packaging Sustainability, John Wiley Sons Inc, USA,p303 8) P.Kotler and N.Lee(2005), Corporate Social Responsibility, John Wiley Sons Inc, USA,p3 9) A.Illy R.Viani(2005), Espresso Coffee: The Science Of Quality( 2nd  edn), Elsevier Academic Press, UK,p2 10)Web4:  http://www.mcdonalds.com/us/en/food/food_quality/see_what_we_are_made_of/your_questions_answered/fresh_produce.html 11)  Ã‚  P.P Philips(2002), Retaining Your Best Employees, American Society For Training and Development,USA,p2 12) J.A.Carsen(2002), HR How to Employee Retention, CCH Knowledge Point, USA. 13) G.K.Kanji and M.Asher(1998), 100 Methods For Total Quality Management,Sage Publication Ltd, London, p1-2

Struggling to Succeed: An Examination of Black Business Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If one were to take a look at the American business world today, much as if one were to look at it a hundred or more years ago, one fact would be easily noticeable. The majority of positions of power and authority in most American businesses are white males. In fact, white males outnumber all other races n these positions far more than they outnumber the actual populations of these other people in our country. Specifically, black men are sorely represented in executive positions in corporations and businesses across the board. So why is that? Is there some fundamental character of black people that keeps them from success? Is society still oppressive to blacks nearly forty years after the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s? Actually, the answer lies somewhere in between. Joane Nagel states, â€Å"Ethnic Identity, then, is the result of a dialectical process involving internal and external opinions and processes, as well as the individual’s self-ide ntification †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (240). So if blacks have an anti-business ethnicity, then the responsibility for that must be shared between blacks themselves and their oppressors. Similarly, upon examining Micahel Omi and Howard Winant’s definition of hegemony, which they assert has been the dominant mode of rule in the United States, wee see that â€Å"hegemony [is] always constituted by a combination of coercion and consent† (152). So any societal oppression that the white males in power are able to levy against blacks must be accepted by blacks in order to be effective. In other words, both blacks and their white oppressors must share the responsibility for the decided failure of black men (and women) to take their places as leaders in business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The issue of black success in a corporate world such as America is best understood as one of culture and ethnicity. Generally, success in business demands a certain personality and level of ability, just as does success in politics. A quick look at the current status quo of power and authority in the business world will prove that. But existing societal conditions remnant of the evil specter of slavery have created a persona within the common black identity that is fundamentally opposed to business success. Nagel writes: â€Å"Culture is constructed †¦ by the actions of individuals and groups and their interactions within the larger societ... ...tion, and the economic status of a historically deprived people certainly won’t be an exception. As many successful black entrepreneurs have proven, it is very much possible for good businessmen to succeed greatly despite the opposition, and there is still plenty of room for success. Works Cited Cummings, Scott. â€Å"African American Entrepreneurship in the Suburbs: Protected Markets and Enclave Business Development.† Journal of the American Planning Association Winter 1999: 50-61. Educational Attainment in the United States - March 2000 Detailed Tables. 19 December 2000. US Census. 2 April 2001. Green, Shelly and Paul Pryde. Black Entrepreneurship in America. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1990. Nagel, Joane. ‘Constructing Ethnicity: Creating and Recreating Ethnic Identity and Culture.’ New Tribalisms: The Resurgence of Race and Ethnicity. New York University Press. 1998 Omi, Michael, and Howard Winant. Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. Routledge: NY, 1994. Walker, Juliet E. The History of Black Business in America. NY: Macmillian Library Reference, 1998

Quaid-E-Azam Essay

Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Statesman was hatched inKarachion the 25th Dec, 1876. His antecedent, Jinnah Poonjah, was a big distributer ofKarachi. Though a very sumptuous businessperson, Mr. Poonjah desirable to devote virtuous pedagogy to his son and book him absent from acting. Mr. Mohammad AH Solon received his proto instruction inKarachiandBombay. He passed his Mesmerize Scrutiny in 1891. In his schooltime days he was very painstaking in his studies. He observed the rules of correction. He was also really punctual m attending. All these nibbed to his incoming greatness. For his complete qualities, he was really often cherished by his teachers and fellow-students. His father’s person, Mr. Federick Croft, revealed signs of a enthusiastic man in him. He advised his hypostasis to transfer him toEnglandfor higher studies. Accordingly Mr. Statesman socialist forEnglandin 1892. There he was admitted into theLincoln’sInnand obtained the laurels of Bar-at-Law. Mr Statesman stayed in England for tetrad period. He premeditated the ways of the Humanities people. He was rattling more impressed to maturate that all of them, colourful or bad, admired their motherland. There he came low the influence of a loyal Asian, Dababhoy Nooroj. After having successfully through his teaching, Mr. Jinnah returned to Indiain 1896. At that second his father’s concern was not gushing fountainhead. So to get money for the kinfolk, he started practise inKarachi. But he could not do cured. He left Karachi and went to Bombay to try his hazard there. Here, too, his practice was unsharpened for leash geezerhood. At worst, he conventional the couple as Ordinal Administration Magistrate of Bombay. But he was overconfident that he would do excavation as a lawyer. So he gave up the copulate after any experience minute he was established as a distinguished attorney. His laurels spread far and stretching. In 1905, Mr. Solon came in snuggled communication with Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Mr. Gokhale was then the president of the Amerindic Soul Congress. Shortly he became its most copernican person. He was titled the â€Å"Ambassador of Hindu-M .turn Unity.† But he was disenchanted in 1930. For he then realised that the only objective of the Congress was to give Religion judge inIndia. He, thus, distributed himself from the† Congress. He devoted himself in organising the Muslims. The Muslims were then at their lowest ebb-politically, socially and economically. His,, leadership, kindled a new-imagination among the frustrated Muslims. He created semipolitical cognisance among the Muslims of India. It was due to his management and leaders the Muslims regained their confidence. Each and every Moslem responded to his clarion exact. And they, with one line demanded a asunder Declaration was adoptive. The try for Pakistan is a tale of a uninterrupted essay against a boniface of obstacl es and it was his control and activity which provided for us a bulwork of posture at these tall nowadays. The creation of Pakistan was due to the untiring receive and zeal of Quaid-i-Azam. He won Pakistan by his irrefutable arguments. He is titled the â€Å"Ascendant of the Nation†. For similar a theological, he acquired a land for us. Tho’ in destroyed health, he had to get the prime Governor-Generalship of Pakistan. He died in attach on the 11th Sept, 1948.

Essay on Book

Essay on Book Book is the best friend, a human being can have. Book is a friend that is never disloyal. Books make our life easy to lead as they inform us about various ways of leading life. Books are informative as well as instructive. A person is never going to feel alone in the presence of books. In the company of books, a person is never going to feel the boredom of daily routine if he has nothing else to do. Books have many wonders in it and they make a person absorbed in their interesting content. The best example of being a friend of book can be seen while long journeys when a person has nothing to do except to sit and wait for his destination. The reading of an interesting book shortens the distance and time that is in between. Books are of many kinds and for many subjects such as psychology, philosophy, English, finance, business, computers, biology, zoology, botany, international relations, history, science, accounting, mathematics, sociology, economics, communication, networking, design ing, management, political science, geography, education, astrology, astronomy, administration, marketing, pharmacy, etc. Teachers assign students to write essays on book as a main exercise that they should do. Students face problems while writing an essay on book. You can write an essay on book by following the given guidelines if you do not know about how to write an essay on a book: 1. Clearly define your subject of essay on book in your mind. 2. Think over it, until ideas about it come into your mind and jot the points down on paper as they occur to you numbering them. 3. Classify these points in groups under suitable headings, rejecting any that are unsuitable. 4. Arrange these headings in a bare outline for an essay on book. 5. Now begin to write the essay on books, dividing it into paragraphs. 6. The essay on a book should consist of introduction, body and conclusion. 7. For your essay on book, make the introduction arresting. 8. Keep the parts of the body of the essay on books in proper proportion; and take pains in choosing words, constructing sentences and building up paragraphs. 9. Make the conclusion effective and satisfying. 10. Write essays on books in a simple, concise, clear, direct and natural style. The secret of clear writing of essays on book is clear thinking. So, be perfectly clear about what you say, and then say it as directly, as simply, as concisely in your custom essay on book as possible. For writing essays on books, follow some rules. Be direct: use short sentences in preference to long and involved periods. Be simple: do not attempt an oratory or flowery language but use simple words and constructions and avoid elaborate metaphors. Be concise: avoid unnecessary repetitions and superfluous word; say what you want to say as tersely as is consistent with making your meaning clear in your essays on books. Never use two words where one will do. Be natural: do not try to imitate any author’s style, however eloquent, but be your self while writing an essay on a book. You can also get free essays on books from various internet sites as a sample for writing. Â  

English settlement essays

English settlement essays Farmers and debtors alike both came to America expecting the greatest land of all. However, once these people arrived, they realized America was a diseased, Indian infested place. On the contrary, America was full of land and freedom that no farmer or debtor could imagine. After life in America had been set up, different colonies started to break apart favoring their type of religion or political type. In the southern colonies, life was set up for farmers and women had better rights then women in the middle, and New England colonies. Middle colonies had a much different climate then the southern colonies and religion was much less strict- resulting in many different types of ethnic groups. New England was the center of much of the political battles throughout the set up of America and remained as colonies set for profit and religious freedom. The colonies set up across the Atlantic side of America was set up in very diverse ways and deferrer greatly among each other. Southern colonies lived much different lives then those of the lives of the middle and New England colonies. All Southern colonies-except for Georgia- were for slavery and saw nothing wrong in the act of owning people. People who lived in the southern colonies were mainly all big time farmers who had medium to big size plantations. Very few towns were built in the southern colonies because everyone was so spread out because of their huge plantations. Women were treated well in the south, since in the south there wasnt much else a source of profit except for owning plantations and land was everything to them. So the southern colonies made a law stating that when women married they did not lose control of their land. This protected the women unlike women in the middle and New England colonies who lost their land once they married. Life in the south varied a lot compared to life in the Middle Colonies. Middle colonies were composed of-New York, Pennsylvania, Rh...

Contract law assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Contract law assignment - Essay Example struction despite the fact that they have not communicated their acceptance in writing, hence there is an objective reference that may be drawn that they have accepted the contract with the additional provisions inserted by Mrs. Lowrie, as per the precedent in Brogden v Metropolitan Railway3 where performance of the contract was deemed to constitute unconditional, final and unqualified acceptance, motivated by the offeree’s knowledge of the offer.4 In the case of G. Percy Trentham Ltd v Archital Luxfer6 it was held that the Courts should take into consideration the fact that English law approach to contract formation measures it by the yardstick of the reasonable expectations of sensible businessmen. Therefore, in a dispute between the two parties on price, the written transactions between them will hold more weight and Jerry’s performance of amended contractual terms will render them final and accepted. Hence, the contractual terms will be a contractual price of 150,000 pounds with 6000 pounds withheld subject to conditions stated by Mrs Lowrie. 2. The document signed on April 4 represents substantially, the terms between the parties, since Mrs. Lowrie has set out some terms which have not been rebutted before performance7. However, there are also provisions spelt out in the standard form building contract, as per Clause 4 of the April 4 document, which will be additional contractual documents. (b) (1) This oral statement may be considered to be only a representation, since it was not later spelt out in writing8. Moreover, since this issue was not spelt out in writing, the Court may draw the conclusion that the parties did not intended them to be contractual terms9 and therefore not actionable. (b) (2) (3) These statements will be considered to be contractual terms, since they have been instrumental in inducing Mrs Lowrie into entering the contract.10 Moreover, since these statements have been made very close to the actual date of the contract,

Wild justice Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wild justice - Term Paper Example The then President, John Kennedy, appointed him the Justice of the Supreme Court on 1963 May. Goldberg considered capital punishment a bad public policy as it could never prevent criminal crimes. He asserted that death penalty levied mainly on specific groups of the society such as the poor, the politically powerless and to some extent, the innocent by misjudgments. Another issue that arose was the fact that most of those affected by the death penalty, were the blacks leading to a racial prejudice. He resolved to end capital punishment starting from the courts as a Supreme Court Justice. According to A Wild Justice (28), the Justice Arthur Goldberg dissected from a decision from the Supreme Court not to hear the death penalty appeal involving Frank Lee Rudolph verses a white woman from Alabama. Rudolph was a black man who had a death penalty for raping a white woman from Alabama. This issue clearly heightened, given the fact that it regarded racism. The then Chief Justice, Earl Warre n, feared taking on the issue as Justice Goldberg and his clerk Dershowitz had already written an extensive memorandum that detailed all the cases of racial discrimination in capital punishments. Goldberg knew it would become very necessary to get as much support as possible for his decent. While keeping a low profile, Goldberg used his clerk, Deshowtz to send his memo about his dissect to various organizations including the NAACP Legal Defense Fund (A Wild Justice, 30). The news about Goldberg’s dissection from the Supreme Court’s decision circulated to a suite of offices on the twentieth floor of 10 Columbus Circle in Midtown Manhattan in early November. This was a home to the most important law firm in America, and simply implied that the information was to be in the reach of public consumption. The New York Times wrote about his dissect immediately and praised him terming the move as raising â€Å"a potential far reaching idea† (A Wild Justice, 34). The Nati onal Association for the Advancement of the Colored People Legal Defense Fund was a very successful organization since its formation. It had several legal victories that clearly meant that the Goldberg’s dissect issue could get a serious back up. LDF was a supportive organization about issues that affected the social linings of American Citizens. Lawyers of LDF had won several cases in various social issues. In 1944, LDF lawyers won the Smith vs. Allwright case, in which a decision was made requiring Texas to allow the African Americans to vote in primary elections (A Wild Justice, 32). The support that LDF gave to these social classes was in conjunction with the core role of the organization, that is, to give equal rights to all Americans regardless of race or social status The role of LDF was also manifested in the Morgan verses Virginia case. This 1946 case involved desegregation of interstate buses and the LDF lawyers won. Most Africans had commonly been discriminated in terms of service in state offices. Several movements to avert these social issues had already sprung up and LDF played a major role in the support for this movements. LDF managed to secure victory in a case protecting the African Americans to serve on juries and allowed African Americans to be involved in real estate business and property ownership. The LDF’s lawyers also help in the more serious case involving Martin Luther King, Jr, in which charges of contempt followed his protest of Birmingham segregation. The arguments raised by the LDF’s lawyers enabled the Supreme Court to drop all the charges that stemmed from all the civil rights sit-ins. All of this success made people to believe the power of LDF to be limitless (A Wild Justice, 32). The issue of Goldberg dissection arrived at the LDF and they immediately