Millennium Development Goals Essay Example

Millennium Development Goals Essay Example Millennium Development Goals Essay Millennium Development Goals Essay Black (cited Chianti 2004:2) explained ;modernization as the third great revolutionary transformation in human affairs and the process of rapid change since the scientific revolution. The process of this change is of the same great as that from pressman(sic) to human and from primitive to civilized society. For a world were dynamism and upgrading is the order of the day, moving from a lower to a higher system can be said to be appropriate and Ghana as a nation must not be left out of the global trend, rather we (Ghana) should transform the deteriorating traditional societies to a modernized one. The difference between modernizing and rotational societies is profound-being the difference between simple static structure and complex dynamic process. I-IN-HABITAT defines a slum household as a group of individuals living under the same roof in an urban area who lack one or more of the following: 1. Durable housing of a permanent nature that protects against extreme climate conditions. 2. Sufficient living space which means not more than three people sharing the same room. 3. Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts at an affordable price. 4. Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private or public toilet shared by a reasonable number of people. 5. Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions. Many has been done to reducing poverty in rural areas, meanwhile, arbitration is leading to the sprawl of cities given birth to many slums. Although investments have been made in various sectors, such as health and infrastructure. In addition to the introduction above this essay will explore; Modernization theory and development Millennium development goals visevise modernization; slum upgrade Conclusion. Modernization theory and development; The basis of modernization theory is a shift from traditional to modern which includes both economic and social factors. Most developed countries including the west have gone through the developing stage and one theory that underpinned their development is said to be the modernization theory. In quest for slum upgrade in Ghana, modernization is one area that cannot be eschewed reading from the many evolved countries. Modernization theory is not a single, homogeneous theory, but rather a collection of several theoretical approaches. This leaves us in a position here it is not possible to find intrinsic elements of modernization theory, but we can instead find common elements as described by Brahmas (cited Behind 2000, 13) the six common elements of modernization; Modernization draws upon a number of development factors (technological change, capital accumulation, changing values and attitudes). These different factors can be analyzed from several different perspectives, but most common is the idea of inducing social change (in values, norms, beliefs, customs). It was thought that these social changes would prompt other spheres of development. Societies and the components which make up societies (values, institutions, social groups, and religions) can be divided into traditional and modern spheres. These two spheres usually exist separately, but dual societies can exist for shorter periods of time. In the end the modern will overtake the traditional. Development, as experienced by the West, is the same path which the third world countries will follow. The modernization process is seen as similar for all countries, but the rates of change and the general pace of development might differ. Modernization is seen as inevitable and assumed to be beneficial for all. Modernization is synonymous with Westernizes. Key factors for the development of the west came from within. Such factors might involve changes in values and attitudes, technological innovations and investment capital. In the third world, however, if these factors could be supplied the modernization process would speed up. The pace of modernization is dependent on agents of change that is to say leadership or leaders. Millennium development goals visevise modernization; slum upgrade Internationally development is marked by some pointers including the human development index (HID) which focuses on the individual development of the citizenry. The HID measures development in three basic dimensions: long and healthy life, access to knowledge, and a decent standard of living. Minion the ;Agents of change in Ghana made massive step to developing the underdeveloped of Ghana by signing on to the Millennium Development Goals (MEG). The Mugs are made up of eight different goals with their targets and their indicators, all of which points to development. ;In September 2000, world leaders adopted the UN Millennium Declaration, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and expand the choices of the poor. A set of time bound and measurable goals and targets for combating poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation and discrimination against women the Millennium Development Goals (Mugs) were placed at the heart of the global development agenda. Nevertheless, till date Ghana is struggling to relatively develop. I therefore argue that modernization [modernizing Ghana especially the slums can lead to Ghana achieving the entire eight Mugs base on the following argument; Mostly slums are often the first step out of rural poverty. The rural poor move to cities, where there are more employment opportunities and better access to services such as health care and education and they settle mostly in the slums, perhaps they create the slum settlements. In many slums, overcrowding and inadequate or non-existent school facilities and other amenities further impact the quality of education that children receive. In some countries, adolescents drop out of school because of insufficient or overcrowding in slum schools, or because of family responsibilities, such as taking care of siblings while parents are at work The use of solid fuels in slum households increases the chances of children contracting respiratory illnesses, such as ammonia. Many slums are also located in or near hazardous or toxic sites, which expose children to additional environmental and health hazards. Parents struggling to pay for food, school fees and transport costs may be unwilling or unable to pay for the health care of their children, which has an impact on child mortality rates. Many women living in slums cannot afford the relatively more expensive delivery and post- natal health services. Slum residents often start sexual intercourse younger, have more sexual partners, and are less likely than other city residents to know of or adopt preventive measures against contracting HIVE/AIDS. Poor sanitation and lack of toilet facilities in slums has also led to large sections of the population defecating in the open. This contributes to contamination of water and land resources, and is a cause of many of the water-borne diseases prevalent in slums. Although investments have are often not targeted specifically at slums. Many African countries in the sass, adopted slum and squatter upgrading programmer largely funded by the World Bank. Turner (cited Ben C. Airman) had argued based on field observation in Peru that the solution to slums was not in their demolition, but in improving the environment: if governments could improve the sanitary conditions and environmental quality of slums, then residents given their organizational skills and resourcefulness will gradually improve their houses, especially when encouraged by security of tenure and access to credit. The adoption of slum upgrading strategies marked a radical change in official attitude towards slum and informal settlements. Upgrading programmer are locality-based improvement strategies designed to replace the various degrees of obsolescence and decay in slum areas through the provision or improvement of basic services and physical infrastructure such as water education, sanitation, garbage collection, storm drainage, street lighting, paved footpaths and streets Babbles, (cited Ben C. Airman, 6) Conclusion Slums provide an important entry point for the achievement of all the Millennium Development Goals; the sheer concentration of people living in slums make them ideal targets for interventions aimed at reducing poverty, reducing child mortality and HIVE/AIDS, improving literacy and promoting environmental sustainability in urban areas. Meds, benchmark for development, modernization that means development.

Provide an analysis of an organisation explaining the relative Essay

Provide an analysis of an organisation explaining the relative importance of each of Porter's Five Forces for the organisation - Essay Example Background of Sony Corporation Sony Corporation is one of the reputed Japanese brands in the segment of electronics, operating successfully from 1946. Being headquartered in Tokyo, it operates successfully in the entire world among many other rivals of that segment with the name of Tokyo Telecommunication Engineering Corporation. Later in the year 1958, it started its operation with its corporate name, Sony Corporation (Sony Corporation of America, 2013). The prime objective of the organization is to offer wide range of inventive products as well as multimedia services to its customers at a competitive age so as to satisfy their demands. Side by side, by doing so, it might also enhance its market share and equity by 35% as compared to other rivals of the market. Apart from this, by presenting wide range of innovative products, the brand image and position of the organization of Sony Corporation might also get enhanced significantly among the existing players and the new entrants. Thi s report mainly highlights the background of Sony Corporation in brief way along with its strategic position in the market of electronics among other rivals. Side by side, this report also describes the importance of each of the porter’s five forces for the strategic position of the organization of Sony in this age (Sony Corporation of America, 2013).

Artices summary Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Artices summary - Article Example The chosen article consists of a study conducted on women in order to identify their underlying causes for major depression. The personalities of over 2000 women were studied by doctors at the Medical College of Virginia where they tried to unearth the kind of feelings women were going through. The main aim for the purpose of this test was to figure out the levels of depression as well as neuroticism that most women felt. According to the background of the study conducted, it was stated that these two factors are the most common aspects of a person’s inner thinking and mind which helps to depict whether or not a person is going through feelings of depression or is facing a period of depression. After a proper analysis of the results, it was noted that neuroticism coupled with depression were mostly caused due to genetic factors first. It was comprehended from the test results that in order to find out a woman’s level of depression, it is easier to understand the same by doing a search of the feelings of anxiety and stress levels in a woman rather than looking at her self esteem. (Seth B. Roberts and Kenneth S. Kendler, 1999) The article chosen for the purpose of explanation of substance dependency is based on young boys in their early-late teenage years. A number of noted psychologists have stated that this age has been witnessing an increase in terms of substance users and abusers around the world. Dependence on alcohol or drugs takes place in the subconscious of an individual at first and therefore, it is a very psychological reaction faced by the person as he continues or increases his usage of substances to carry on with his lifestyle. The article notes that there are a number of offspring of substance users that fall into the trap as well, and due to such usage of drugs, narcotics and alcohol to lead a wayward life, they lose their ability to control emotions and fair very poorly thus, in ECF tests conducted. Such users have been said

Infertility Essay Example for Free

Infertility Essay What is infertility? Infertility is defined as inability to conceive despite have regular unprotected intercourse for at least 12 months or for at least six months for a woman over the age of 35. Infertility can also refer to a female who can not carry a pregnancy to full term. What causes infertility? There is no one thing that causes infertility. Infertility can be caused by complications with the body such as ovulation disorders, premature ovarian failure, poor egg quality,overactive or underactive thyroid gland,etc. Other factors that affect infertility include age,smoking,heavy drinking, being overweight or obese, over or under exercising, eating disorders, sexually transmitted infections and even being stressed. Are only women infertile? No,about 20% of cases of infertility are due to a problem with the man. Just as women can have complications with their reproductive organs men can experience this as well. Complications include sperm abnormalities like low sperm count, abnormal sperm shape, poor sperm motility. Other problems include structural abnormalities and problems with ejaculation. Are there other options? Although infertility affects about 15% of couples, the research and treatment has come a long way. weather its the male, female, or both are experiencing fertility problems there are options. There are many different ways that assisted conception can be done these include IUI, IVF, ICSI, and sperm or egg donation. IUI (intrauterine insemination) commonly done when men have a low sperm count. it is the insertion of sperm directly into the uterus during the time of ovulation. IVF (in vitro fertilization) is when sperm and eggs are combined in a petri dish and then the embryo is placed in the uterus. ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is when a single sperm is injected into and egg and then placed directly into the uterus. Sperm or egg donation is when there is either no sperm or egg in one if the partners, its possible to receive sperm or eggs from a donor. How does this relate to me? Most teens do not even think about having a baby, but what we are doing as teenagers can affect us down the road. Teens are becoming sexually active at a much younger age and the increase of STI’s is creating a big problem for these teens fertility. Researchers predict a jump in infertility in the next 5-15 years due to the high chlamydia rates in women in their teens and early 20’s. Many other activities that are increasing in the teenage population can increase the risk of becoming infertile. These activities include smoking, heavy drinking, being overweight, over or under exercising, eating disorders, mental stress or illness and illegal drugs. What else should i know about infertility? It is estimated that one in six couples face difficulties in conceiving about 10% of women ages 15-44 have difficulty getting or staying pregnant about 20% of women have their first child after 35Â  infertility affects men and women equally up to 13% of female infertility is caused by cigarette smoking ovulation abnormalities and sperm deficiencies are the most common causes of infertility 29 year old woman has a 20% per month chance of getting pregnant compared to 7% for a woman at age 39 25% of infertile couples have more than one factor that contributes to their infertility after age 35 a womans chances of getting pregnant go down and chance of miscarriage goes up

Subverting the Conventional: Combining Genre in Kellys Donnie Darko Es

Subverting the Conventional: Combining Genre in Kelly's Donnie Darko While planning an evening at the cinema, individuals do not discuss the specific guidelines of genre while deciding the film of choice. A reason for seeing a Western is never because the genre has evolved from primarily racist films involving cowboys and Indians to movies that vindicate Indians and work toward demythologizing the old West. Similarly, broad generalizations of genre are constantly used to categorize film. Courtship-Romance Musicals or Rock Operas are often shuffled into the generic class of Musical, while the 1930’s films of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers, examples of Courtship-Romance Musicals, are in contrast to such films as Tommy or Jesus Christ Superstar, models of Rock Operas. Genre is the most important tool in deciding taste in film, yet most people never get past discussing whether to watch a Comedy or Drama. Perhaps this tendency is due to mainstream films, which rarely challenge audiences to make decisions about complex genres, as formula films h ave become an accepted form of entertainment. Cinema must look to Independent film then to help create new forms, specifically in genre. Donnie Darko, an Independent film directed by Richard Kelly, successfully poses questions about hybrid films and complex genres. Donnie Darko transcends the typical conventions of genre to redefine cinema and set a new precedence for independent filmmakers interested in breaking the rules of tradition. Before exploring the subversion of genre in Donnie Darko, a look at genre theories is necessary. The regulations of genre have changed throughout the history of film and theorists constantly have differing ideas about the new contortions genre for... ...lins, Jim. â€Å"Television and Postmodernism†. Channels of Discourse, Reassembled. The University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill, 1992. Internet Movie Database. www.imdb.com. 1993. Kelly, Richard. Donnie Darko. Darko Productions, Inc, June 8, 2000. Klages, Mary. â€Å"Postmodernism†. http://www.colorado.edu/English/ENGL2012Klages/pomo.html). April 21, 2003. Lopez, Daniel. Films by Genre. McFarland & Company, Inc.: Jefferson, NC, 1993. Schatz, Thomas. â€Å"Film Genre and the Genre Film.† Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings. Oxford University Press: New York, 1998. Schiff, Stephen. â€Å"Introduction: The Repeatable Experience.† They Went Thataway: Redefining Film Genres. Mercury House: San Francisco, 1994. Vogler, Christopher. The Writer’s Journey: Mythic Structure for Storytellers and Screenwriters. London: Boxtree, 1996.

Hip-Hop’s Betrayal of Black Women Essay

According to Jennifer Mclune, a writer, activist, and librarian, sexism, and homophobia saturate hip-hop culture and any deviation from these forms of bigotry is made marginal to its most dominant and lucrative expressions. In her article â€Å"Hip hops betrayal of black women† Published on first of July 2006, Mclune is informing and trying to persuade her audience of this generation of teenagers and young adults, also seen as millennials, that hip-hop songs that have these elements of woman-hating, sexism, and homophobia, are basically a normal thing and it should not be because it causes an influence and makes the actions seem like it’s okay to commit rather than seeing it as something offensive. She claims that â€Å"Hip-hop owes its success to the ideology of woman-hating† By this, she means that it creates, perpetuates, and reaps the rewards of objectification. I strongly agree with Mclune she feels that the hip-hop world has degraded women and it became the †norm† so people became blinded so, now it’s time to fight back. To help support my claim, Mclune uses real-life evidence/examples such as song lyrics, another article similar to her topic, and language. First off Mclune starts off addressing Kevin Powell’s ’’ notes of hip-hop heads ’’ and he states how poverty breeds into sexism and that hip-hop is saturated with the past and homophobia. Mclune feels that that’s a way to silence the feminist critiques of the culture. Mclune also states how Powell forgets to mention the fact that women too were raised in the violent and poor environments as men too. Basically, it shouldn’t excuse the fact that men are degrading women through the hip-hop culture. When we as black females need to stand up and gain knowledge on how the hip-hop world participates in women-hating. You have men writing songs about black women pain, but have rappers such as jay-z who has lyrics such as I pimp hard on a trick. In particularly this article written by Sharpley Whiting called †Pimp Up, Ho’s Down† Whiting argues that hip hop’s commercial success is heavily dependent upon young black women. Creating both, this masculine and misogynistic gap in understanding the real complexities of young black women in hip hop’s commercial art. The color prejudice and sexually charged lyrics in a dominated culture, hip-hop. Whiting also states how the millennium generation has grown into the wake of the hip-hop culture, blinded by their unconscious participation, they fail to connect the destruction of feminism in hip-hop, this statement is similar to what Mclune has been saying throughout her article. It is not hip hop itself that has made the uniqueness of its own culture, but it is hip-hop itself that normalizes it. It’s very understandable that the hip-hop world bases their lyrics on real-life situations but the things that are said about such as †gold diggers,† † chicken heads† about women shouldn’t be motioned because it doesn’t do anything but make those situations become the norm. In an article written by Dr. Johnnetta Cole argues in her article that there is a â€Å"war between the sexes†. Also, that hip-hop plays a significant influence on is battle that has been going on since the 60’s. We as black women need to stand our ground for something that we believe in, which is treating us with respect and not degrading us in hip hops music. The sense of impudence toward the woman is being noticed by boys and girls at an early age. Therefore, to them it seems that what is being said and demonstrated in videos is okay. The ruthless and tyrannical gender talk in today’s hip-hop music must be put to rest, but to do that we must chan ge the way we put out our message. Words can be very motivating and inspiring, but you can’t influence someone by humiliating others.

High School And College Basketball - 1306 Words

Although some think the decision to go to the National Basketball Association should be solely in the hands of the players and although current efforts ensure that basketball players are in college for at least one year, the one-and-done rule needs to be revised because it destabilizes the college basketball system, leaves players without a backup plan, and causes players to lack the wisdom to make wise financial and life decisions. The one-and-done rule concerns high school and college basketball players, but it hurts more than just the players involved: it hurts the college basketball system. Because some of the best college basketball players are leaving after their freshmen years, the excitement they bring to college basketball also†¦show more content†¦The former NBA star could not find a job, and although he was only 16 credits away from a college degree, he could not afford to go back and finish his education (Gaines 1). If Harrison had stayed in college to earn his degree before going to the NBA, his future would have had more potential. A career in basketball is not a stable job because injuries, mistakes, and poor play can end a career. By earning a degree before going to the NBA, players can obtain a solid backup plan and alleviate some of the pressures they have on themselves. In addition to basketball players leaving behind a backup plan when they leave college early for the NBA, they also leave behind the wisdom and maturity gained in the college experience. The value of the college experience cannot be weighed; however, it is evident when players are missing those crucial life lessons. For example, NBA fans know DeMarcus Cousins and Michael Beasley for their lack of maturity. They are defined by their rotten attitudes and off-the-court issues. Cousins’ immaturity has resulted in team suspensions, and Beasley’s off-the-court conflicts have hurt his play and reputation (Diaz 1). 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